In a nonlinear process of multiphoton absorption, the multiple photons are simultaneously absorbed. These photons can have either the same photon energy or different energies. This chapter begins with a general discussion of multiphoton absorption. The simplest of multiphoton absorption is two-photon absorption. It is a third-order nonparametric nonlinear optical process, in which two photons of the same or different photon energies are simultaneously absorbed. By comparison, three photons of the same or different photon energies are simultaneously absorbed in three-photon absorption, which is a fifth-order nonparametric nonlinear optical process. The detailed characteristics of the typical scenarios of two-photon absorption and three-photon absorption are discussed in this chapter.
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