Optimization Concepts and Applications in Engineering

Introduction

Optimization is the process of maximizing or minimizing a desired objective function while satisfying the prevailing constraints. Nature has an abundance of examples where an optimum system status is sought. In metals and alloys, the atoms take positions of least energy to form unit cells. These unit cells define the crystalline structure of materials. A liquid droplet in zero gravity is a perfect sphere, which is the geometric form of least surface area for a given volume. Tall trees form ribs near the base to strengthen them in bending. The honeycomb structure is one of the most compact packaging arrangements. Genetic mutation for survival is another example of nature's optimization process. Like nature, organizations and businesses have also strived toward excellence. Solutions to their problems have been based mostly on judgment and experience. However, increased competition and consumer demands often require that the solutions be optimum and not just feasible solutions. A small savings in a mass-produced part will result in substantial savings for the corporation. In vehicles, weight minimization can impact fuel efficiency, increased payloads, or performance. Limited material or labor resources must be utilized to maximize profit. Often, optimization of a design process saves money for a company by simply reducing the developmental time.