Psychometric models do not explain the processes that underlie thinking. They are not intended to do so, but they nevertheless contribute to understanding intelligence. This has been the case since at least 1923, when Charles Spearman wrote The Nature of Intelligence and the Principles of Cognition. As Sternberg (2016, p. 236) highlighted, “Spearman believed that apprehension of experience, education of relations, and education of correlates are the basic overlapping information processes of intelligence. … The great psychometricians of all time – Spearman and Carroll – were also astute cognitive psychologists.”
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