Hegel’s commentators often attribute to his system some form of apriorism, the view that the system’s content or its justification (or both) are independent of experience and empirical science. In this article, I argue that apriorism conflicts with Hegel’s commitment to cooperation between philosophy and empirical science, as outlined in §§1–18 of the 1830 Encyclopaedia. I do so by attributing two theses to Hegel: scientific cooperation—that knowledge arises through a process of conceptual transformation, involving an intellectual division of labour between philosophy and empirical science; and incompatibility—that scientific cooperation entails a feedback loop between philosophy and empirical science, rendering the concepts of Hegel’s system intrinsically empirically revisable, and so not a priori. Although these two theses hold across all the philosophical sciences, I focus on their application in logic, as it is in logic where apriorist interpretations appear the most justified. Reimagining a scientifically cooperative Hegel not only supports naturalist readings of his system but also reframes the task of philosophical critique. Critique, on the scientific-cooperative reading I propose, aims to exposit the insights, discoveries and theories of the empirical sciences, furthering their ends by ameliorating their conceptual apparatus, not to debunk them.

Plant-based diets (PBD) have been found to be environmentally sustainable and beneficial for health. Observational research showed that higher plant-based diet quality improves health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adult women, however this is unclear for older adults. This association may be due to anti-inflammatory properties of PBD. Older adults, prone to chronic inflammation, may therefore profit from PBD. We investigated the relation between PBD and HRQoL in older adults of both sexes and tested whether the effects are associated with circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels. We used data of the population-based Lifelines Cohort Study (n = 6,635, mean age = 65.2 years) and a subsample in which hsCRP was measured (n = 2,251, mean age = 65.2 years). We applied a plant-based diet index measuring adherence to a healthful (hPDI) and an unhealthful (uPDI) plant-based diet based on food frequency questionnaires. The RAND-36 questionnaire was applied as measure of HRQoL, from which we derived physical and mental HRQoL. Older adults with the highest adherence to a hPDI had respectively 15% and 12% greater odds for high physical quality of life and mental quality of life. Meanwhile, higher adherence to uPDI was associated with respectively 16% and 13% lower odds for high physical and mental quality of life. An additive but no interactive effect of hsCRP on the association between PBD and HRQoL has been observed. Adherence to a healthful plant-based diet and circulating levels of inflammation are independently associated with physical and mental HRQoL. Mechanisms other than inflammation through which PBD could influence HRQoL may be explored in further research.

This essay uses the history of Cossitt Library—from its founding in 1893 to its renovation and reopening in 2023—to explore how the Southern public library has faced, and continues to face, unique opportunities and challenges for public humanities projects. As a scholar-in-residence at Cossitt from 2020 to 2022, I worked alongside the branch manager, staff librarians, community outreach specialists, local arts organizations, and special collections managers to document the history of Cossitt’s role in the city’s civic life and to create policies and programming that encouraged many different constituencies to see the space as their own. It offers an example of where the qualitative research skills of a humanities scholar can impact both large-scale and targeted public humanities projects.

Ethno-religious nationalism has been an integral part of the Georgian identity since the country regained independence. Since the early 2000s, Georgia has had a constitutionally enshrined pro-European foreign policy, which has been reflected in a strong identification with Europe, its culture, and values. Survey data show that Georgians prefer European and Christian ethnic outgroups to Asian and Muslim ones. These factors could have explained the rise of the far right in Georgia, had Georgia experienced a wave of refugees comparable to EU states in mid-2010s. However, only few people fled from the Syrian civil war to Georgia. Nevertheless, in and around 2016, various far-right groups with a strong anti-liberal ideology appeared in the Georgian public sphere. In 2017, a far-right rally was organized, demanding that the rights of Turkish, Iranian, and Arab business owners and citizens be restricted in Georgia. This was accompanied by violent incidents involving physical abuse and property damage of non-white foreigners. The sudden rise of the far-right political organizations in Georgia gives rise to various questions: Do the far-right ideas have grassroots origins, or was the activation of the far right a top-down process? Which domestic and external factors could have contributed to these developments?

This overview discusses the inverse scattering theory for the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili II equation, focusing on the inverse problem for perturbed multi-line solitons. Despite the introduction of new techniques to handle singularities, the theory remains consistent across various backgrounds, including the vacuum, 1-line and multi-line solitons.

Do citizens prefer national policies that are designed collaboratively over those produced by national government alone? The question is relevant, especially in Latin America, where citizens are sceptical of government’s capacity to address complex problems. In this article, we hypothesize that collaboratively crafted policies will be preferred over those produced by government alone in Argentina and Chile. We design conjoint experiments that ask respondents to choose among three pairs of policies, each of which varies randomly in terms of whether and with whom the government collaborates. We find that citizens in both countries tend to prefer collaboratively produced policies. This is especially the case when citizens have higher levels of trust in the actors with whom the national government collaborates. One important insight of our study is that, despite the costs of collaborative approaches to policymaking, citizen preferences for it could incentivize national governments to invest more resources in collaborative governance.

Increasingly, older adults are redefining retirement by combining part-time employment with pension benefits, that is, becoming ‘working retirees’. This trend highlights socio-economic inequalities: some working retirees use part-time employment as a bridge to full retirement, while others must remain employed to prevent old-age poverty. However, little is known about how these work-retirement transitions unfold over time or the socio-economic factors that shape them. This knowledge gap is problematic because understanding the socio-demographic influences on these trajectories is essential for addressing inequalities in later-life employment and retirement security. This study examines transitions from work to retirement by following individuals from their 50s into their 70s and analysing the socio-demographic factors that differentiate these trajectories. It identifies the various pathways that older workers take when exiting the labour force and analyses how prior life course factors – including education, occupational status, career field, civil status, number of children and disposable income – predict the likelihood of following each work–retirement trajectory. The results reveal two distinct work–retirement trajectories: one reflects status maintenance, with higher income and education, white-collar and often men; the other reflects financial necessity, with lower income, children at home, no partner and often women. More advantaged working retirees experience greater employment changes in late life, highlighting the diversity of late-life careers. These findings suggest a broader range of extended work–life pathways than previously recognized and emphasize the need for policies that account for gendered and economic disparities in work and family responsibilities to ensure equitable and sustainable retirement transitions.

The early stage of seedling establishment is critical to successful ecological restoration and reforestation, and it is partially influenced by herbivory. Aerial vertebrate predators, including birds and bats, can affect plant growth by controlling phytophagous insects. This study explored the effects of excluding birds and bats on the arthropod community during the initial stages of reforestation plots planted with Dipterocarpus alatus in deciduous dipterocarp forest using an exclusion experiment. We hypothesized that birds and bats negatively affect the density and biomass of large-sized arthropods (≥ 1 cm), which are their potential prey, and that excluding these predators may affect seedling growth and leaf damage. The density and biomass of large arthropods significantly increased in the permanent exclosures compared to the control group. No significant difference between the nocturnal and diurnal exclosures was observed. Top-down effects on the biomass of large-sized phytophagous and predatory arthropods were pronounced during the dry season, coinciding with the presence of migratory insectivorous birds. Mesopredator release primarily driven by ants compensated for the absence of birds and bats, preventing immediate increases in herbivory or impacts on seedling growth. These findings highlight the importance of ecological redundancy among predator communities in maintaining herbivory control. Promoting diverse habitats that support both invertebrate and vertebrate predators may enhance the long-term resilience and effectiveness of pest control in ecological restoration efforts.

Recent crises have raised concerns about intergenerational fairness and conflict and claims that older generations imperil the future of young people. These arguments may reflect the political intolerance towards older adults: political ageism. Why and which kinds of young people are more likely to adhere to such views is still uncertain. Prior studies refer to the importance of perceived threats and authoritarian values. We introduce an interaction effect, suggesting that perceived threats temper the impact of authoritarian values on intergenerational blame attribution and discriminatory views against older individuals’ political rights. The analysis of survey data from nine European countries, focusing on respondents aged 18–34, reveals that perceived economic threat rarely relates to increased ageism. Young individuals with authoritarian values are likelier to attribute intergenerational blame and hold politically ageist views. In Sweden and the UK, however, the effect of authoritarian values diminishes when young people perceive economic threats.

Let G be an affine algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic. Recent work of Hardesty, Nakano, and Sobaje gives necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of so-called mock injective G-modules, that is, modules which are injective upon restriction to all Frobenius kernels of G. In this article, we give analogous results for contramodules, including showing that the same necessary and sufficient conditions on G guarantee the existence of mock projective contramodules. In order to do this, we first develop contramodule analogs to many well-known (co)module constructions.

We formulate Guo–Jacquet type fundamental lemma conjectures and arithmetic transfer conjectures for inner forms of $GL_{2n}$. Our main results confirm these conjectures for division algebras of invariant $1/4$ and $3/4$.

The new mineral wiperamingaite, NaCaFe3+Al(PO4)F5(OH)·H2O, was found at the Wiperaminga Hill West Quarry, Boolcoomatta Reserve, Olary Province, South Australia, Australia where it has formed by hydrothermal alteration of triplite–zwieselite. Wiperamingaite occurs in a matrix of quartz, minor triplite and pyrite in association with fluorite, bermanite, leucophosphite and phosphosiderite. Crystals are transparent to translucent, brownish-orange to brownish-pink tablets, up to 0.25 mm across. The mineral has a white streak and vitreous lustre. It is brittle with a splintery fracture. The calculated density is 3.11 g/cm3. Optically, the mineral is biaxial (–) with α = 1.538(2), β = 1.599(2), γ = 1.614(2) (white light); 2V = 52(2)°; distinct r > v dispersion; orientation: X = a, Y = b, Z = c; pleochroism: X colourless, Y brown yellow, Z yellow; Y > Z > X.

Electron microprobe analysis provided the empirical formula Na0.97Ca1.01Fe3+0.92Al1.11(PO4)0.97F4.85(OH)1.32·0.95H2O. Wiperamingaite is orthorhombic, P212121, a = 5.3537(11), b = 5.5911(11), c = 26.279(5) Å, V = 786.6(3) Å3 and Z = 4. The structure of wiperamingaite contains chains of cis-corner connected Feφ6 octahedra (φ = O, OH and H2O) running parallel to [010] decorated with corner-connected PO4 tetrahedra. Adjacent chains link by corner-connection between the octahedra and tetrahedra to form sheets parallel to the (001) plane. Alφ6 octahedra (φ = O and F) attach to both sides of the sheets via corner-sharing with PO4 tetrahedra. Naφ11 polyhedra share edges and faces to form a layer between the sheets that links to the sheets via Alφ6 octahedra and Caφ8 polyhedra.

The NOVA food classification system and its categorisation of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have significantly influenced dietary guidelines worldwide, yet the assumption that all UPFs are uniformly harmful warrants critical examination. Here, a review of evidence revealed substantial heterogeneity in health outcomes across UPF subtypes, with products like sugar-sweetened beverages consistently associated with adverse outcomes while fortified cereals and certain dairy products demonstrate neutral or protective effects. The binary nature of NOVA’s classification fails to account for nutritional composition, fortification benefits, and cultural food traditions, creating inconsistencies in categorisation across different contexts. Methodological limitations in UPF research include inadequate dietary assessment tools, selective reporting of negative findings, and experimental design flaws that conflate processing with other dietary factors. Implementation challenges extend to socioeconomic accessibility, as UPFs often provide cost-effective nutrients for disadvantaged populations and environmental sustainability, where wholesale reduction could increase resource demands. Future directions should develop more nuanced classification systems that integrate processing methods with nutritional quality to better inform public health strategies rather than categorically rejecting all UPFs.

The Vlasov–Maxwell equations provide kinetic simulations of collisionless plasmas, but numerically solving them on classical computers is often impractical. This is due to the computational resource constraints imposed by the time evolution in the six-dimensional phase space, which requires broad spatial and temporal scales. The novelty of this study is to implement a quantum–classical hybrid Vlasov–Maxwell solver and the rigorous numerical scheme evaluation by numerical simulations. Specifically, the Vlasov solver implements the Hamiltonian simulation based on quantum singular value transformation, coupled with a classical Maxwell solver. We perform numerical simulation of a one-dimensional advection test and a one-spatial-dimension, one-velocity-dimension two-stream instability test on the Qiskit-Aer-GPU quantum circuit emulator with an A100 GPU. The computational complexity of our quantum algorithm can potentially be reduced from the classical $\mathcal{O}(N^6T^2/\epsilon )$ to $\mathcal{O}\left (\text{poly}(\log {N})\left (NT+T\log \left (T/\epsilon \right )\right )\right )$ for the $N$ grid system, simulation time $T$ and error tolerance $\epsilon$ in the limit where the number of queries is large enough and the error is small enough. Furthermore, the numerical analysis reveals that our quantum algorithm is robust under larger time steps compared with classical algorithms with the constraint of Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy condition.

France has one of the most unequal levels of access to childcare in Europe, despite high public investment. Existing literature explains this inequality through factors such as the availability of childcare slots, social stratification, stigmatisation, attitudes, cultural biases, and parental logistical constraints. However, the role of administrative barriers in exacerbating access problems remains understudied. We provide fresh insight by examining these barriers in France’s poorest county. Seine-Saint-Denis offers a revealing case study, as its inadequate childcare coverage persists despite heavy public investment – highlighting challenges within France’s multi-layered administrative system. Drawing on interviews with families and childcare managers, as well as participant observation in the local early childcare system, we identify administrative barriers at three levels: ‘organisational’, ‘procedural’, and ‘individual’. Our findings suggest that difficulties in accessing childcare stem from: (1) the failed logic of integration between different administrative layers and the financing modality of the Single Service Provision (PSU), (2) the opaque criteria employed by childcare admission committees (CAMAs), and (3) the lack of adaptation of the multi-layer administrative system to family needs. The article investigates administrative barriers to welfare state access, approaching for the first time the domain of childcare.

It has been established that bilinguals activate both languages even when only one language is being used. However, little is known about how the two languages are co-activated during simultaneous interpreting (SI), a demanding task involving intensive code-switching. This study investigated (1) the effect of task on cross-language co-activation and (2) the time course of co-activations triggered by form and meaning. Thirty-one professional interpreters were recruited to complete a cross-language task (English-to-Chinese SI) and a within-language task (English-to-English shadowing) with their eye movements tracked. Participants heard English passages which contained critical spoken words, each paired with a visual display of four Chinese words. One of the words was a competitor that resembled the translation equivalent of the spoken word in either form or meaning, and the other three were unrelated distractors. We found that participants directed more visual attention to both types of competitors at an early stage in shadowing, while the word-form competitor effect occurred during SI preceded that of the semantic competitor. Our findings support the parallel account of SI processing, with implications provided for the relationship between cross-language interactions and the time lag between input and output during interpreting.

The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 (NNR2023) serve as the scientific foundation for national dietary guidelines and nutrient recommendations across the Nordic and Baltic countries. We reviewed how NNR2023 was adapted into national food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) in the Nordic countries and Estonia, focusing specifically on sustainability considerations and policy implications. National FBDG integrated both health and environmental aspects in all countries, except Norway, which addressed environmental aspects only in a separate report. Health impacts served as the primary principle in all countries. Additionally, national policy perspectives, such as domestic food security, were addressed in some countries, while the integration of social and economic sustainability remained very limited. In adopting NNR2023, all countries modelled how implementation would affect nutrient adequacy or health within their food environments, making minor adjustments based on these findings. Guidelines for animal source food groups showed the most variation between countries; Estonia and Denmark established the strictest recommended limits for red meat and total meat, respectively, while Norway was most liberal regarding milk products. Stakeholders participated in the consultation process. The agricultural sector and meat industry primarily maintained pro-meat discourse, which was particularly intense in Norway and Sweden. Transition towards healthy and sustainable diets demands multiple policy instruments – FBDG being just one – alongside a supportive environment and participation from all food system actors.

Two desert cyanobacterial strains, Chroococcidiopsis sp. CCMEE 010 and CCMEE 130, capable far-red light photoacclimation (FaRLiP), were investigated for the stability of biosignatures after six years of desiccation. Biosignature detectability was demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and Raman spectroscopy thus highlighting that these two FaRLiP cyanobacteria are a novel reservoir of an array of pigments, encompassing canonical chlorophyll a, far-red shifted chlorophylls, phycobilins and carotenoids. The recorded signals were comparable to those of dried cells of Chroococcidiopsis sp. CCMEE 029, CCMEE 057 and CCMEE 064, not capable of FaRLiP acclimation and previously reported for biosignature stability and survivability after exposure to space and Mars-like conditions during the BIOMEX (BIOlogy and Mars EXperiment) and BOSS (Biofilm Organisms Surfing Space) low Earth orbit missions. Since infrared-light driven photosynthesis has implications for the habitability of Mars as well as exoplanets, the stability of far-red shifted chlorophylls in dried Chroococcidiopsis is a prerequisite for future experimentations under simulated planetary conditions in the laboratory or directly into space. It is anticipated that post-flight investigations of FaRLiP cyanobacteria as part of the BioSigN (Bio-Signatures and habitable Niches) space mission will contribute to gather novel insights into biosignature degradation/stability and thus prepare future planetary exploration missions to Mars. In addition, the scored viability of strains CCMEE 010 and CCMEE 130 after prolonged desiccation is relevant to investigate life endurance under deep space conditions, as planned by the BioMoon mission that aims to expose dried and rehydrated extremophiles on the Moon surface after exposure to deep space.