The fat deposition and lipid composition directly influence meat quality and feed efficiency during pork production. Glutamate (GLU) is a major component of proteins and has been widely utilized in livestock production. However, the role of GLU in regulating lipid deposition and the lipo-nutritional quality of porcine fat remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GLU on fatty acid composition and lipid profiles in subcutaneous fat (SF) and perirenal fat (PF) from Shaziling pigs. Forty-eight finishing pigs aged 150 days (31.56 ± 0.95 kg) were divided into the control (CON) group and the GLU-supplemented group (1% GLU), each consisting of 6 pens (4 pigs per pen). After 51 days, 6 pigs (1 pig/pen) from each group were slaughtered for analysis. Fatty acid analysis detected 46 species in SF and 40 in PF. In SF, 1% GLU significantly increased the content of C18:3n3 (P < 0.05), which was accompanied by an increase in n3 PUFA deposition (P < 0.05) and a decreased n6/n3 ratio (P = 0.06). In PF, GLU supplementation reduced the levels of C18:1n9t, C24:1, C22:6n3, and others (P < 0.05). The content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and n9 unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) was significantly decreased in the GLU group (P < 0.05). Similarly, GLU significantly reduced the n6/n3 PUFA ratio in PF (P < 0.05). Lipidomics profiling identified 2264 unique lipids in fat tissues. GLU had minimal effects on lipid composition in SF but significantly reduced ceramides (Cer), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylinositol (PIP) contents in PF (P < 0.05) compared to the CON group. Additionally, GLU influenced the acyl chain saturation degree, fatty acyl chain length, and individual acyl chain composition in glycerophospholipid (GP) pools of PF. These results demonstrate the regulatory role of GLU on lipid dynamics in porcine fat and provide insights into regulating fat deposition and liponutritional quality in indigenous Chinese pig breeds.

Using individual records of about 950,000 financial advisors, we find that the probability and intensity of financial advisor misconduct significantly increase after local newspaper closures. The impact is more pronounced in counties with a higher proportion of seniors, minorities, and individuals with lower education levels. Male advisors are more likely to commit misconduct following newspaper closures than female advisors. The sensitivity of advisors’ job turnover to misconduct decreases after closures, suggesting a lower cost of committing misconduct. Our evidence indicates that local newspapers play a distinct role in mitigating financial advisor misconduct, as media exposure raises the costs of misbehavior.

Beth’s theorem equating explicit and implicit definability fails in all logics between Meyer’s basic logic ${\mathbf B}$ and the logic ${\mathbf R}$ of Anderson and Belnap. This result has a simple proof that depends on the fact that these logics do not contain classical negation; it does not extend to logics such as $\mathbf{KR}$ that contain classical negation. Jacob Garber, however, showed that Beth’s theorem fails for $\mathbf{KR}$ by adapting Ralph Freese’s result showing that epimorphisms may not be surjective in the category of modular lattices. We extend Garber’s result to show that the Beth theorem fails in all logics between ${\mathbf B}$ and $\mathbf{KR}$.

Writing histories of world literature was, for the longest time, an almost exclusively European, or in any case Western, enterprise. Moreover, it was overwhelmingly centred on European, or again Western, literature. To do away with such Eurocentrism was the avowed aim of the project upon which an international set of literary scholars embarked in 2006, and which resulted in the four-volume Literature: A World History published in 2022. In the articles to follow, five scholars (Pettersson, Trivedi, Utas, Zhang, D’haen) directly involved with the project look back on their experience and reflect on the pros and cons, the successes and the failures, the achievements and the shortcomings, of the enterprise. As counterbalance, six scholars (Ette, Hajdu, Hawas, He, Larsen, Rydholm) not involved with the project reflect on the (im)possibilities of writing world histories of literature.

Intentionally enhancing and supporting the early careers of individuals from populations underrepresented in science and medicine (URSM) is essential to achieving health equity. The Health Equity Leadership and Mentoring (HELM) Program at the University of Minnesota and the University of Utah is designed to foster academic excellence and build leadership capacity of postdoctoral fellows, clinical fellows, and early-career faculty who identify as URSM and/or who are committed to careers in health equity research and clinical care. HELM models a culture of psychosocial safety to create a sense of belonging and uses evidence-based and culturally aware mentoring and career development strategies with the goal of retaining diverse faculty. HELM proved agile and adaptive during the Covid-19 pandemic and has been successful in states with and without legislation limiting diversity programs. Across the 2 institutions, the HELM program has supported over 200 trainees and early-career faculty through mid-2024. Among HELM participants who joined the program as faculty, 85%–95% have remained in their faculty positions.

Indigenous Peoples are disproportionately impacted at every stage of the plastic lifecycle, from the extraction of the fossil fuel feedstock and plastic production, to the widespread dispersal of maco-, micro- and nanoplastics in the natural environment. They face many barriers to their participation in UN processes and must constantly push for their rights to be upheld and for their full and effective participation to be secured. This constant basic struggle for Indigenous rights and participation can consume all the energy and efforts of Indigenous delegates in UN processes at the expense of all the other important knowledge and messages they carry from their communities and nations to address the very real and serious harms that have been inflicted on their territories and all the life within it. Negotiators at INC-5.2 have a great responsibility to address this serious global crisis, while being reminded that Indigenous Peoples, who are on the frontlines of the plastic pollution crisis, must be equal participants as experts of their own knowledge and science and participate in the process as rightsholders in all decision-making that affects them.

This paper presents an effective approach to a compact antenna system incorporating a single artificial magnetic conductor (AMC), designed to operate in the GSM and WiFi frequency bands. The proposed system features a dual-band AMC single element measuring 60 × 60 mm2 with $\pm90^{\circ}$ bandwidths of 100 and 170 MHz. A comprehensive parametric study was conducted to optimize performance and determine the AMC phase while maintaining the compact size of the antenna system. Significant improvements in gain were observed, from −1.61 to 1.88 dBi at 0.9 GHz and from 3.33 to 5.66 dBi at 2.45 GHz. Additionally, the complete system achieves a compact electrical size of 0.18λ0 × 0.18λ0 × 0.048λ0, with an increased front-to-back ratio of 12.3 and 19.9 dB at both frequencies. Finally, measurements of the fabricated prototype show good agreement with the simulation results.

The digital twin approach has gained recognition as a promising solution to the challenges faced by the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, Operations, and Management (AECOM) industries. However, its broader application across some AECOM sectors remains limited. A significant obstacle is that traditional DTs rely on deterministic models, which require deterministic input parameters. This limits their accuracy, as they do not account for the substantial uncertainties that are inherent in AECOM projects. These uncertainties are particularly pronounced in geotechnical design and construction. To address this challenge, we propose a probabilistic digital twin (PDT) framework that extends traditional DT methodologies by incorporating uncertainties and is tailored to the requirements of geotechnical design and construction. The PDT framework provides a structured approach to integrating all sources of uncertainty, including aleatoric, data, model, and prediction uncertainties, and propagates them throughout the entire modeling process. To ensure that site-specific conditions are accurately reflected as additional information is obtained, the PDT leverages Bayesian methods for model updating. The effectiveness of the PDT framework is showcased through an application to a highway foundation construction project, demonstrating its potential to integrate existing probabilistic methods to improve decision-making and project outcomes in the face of significant uncertainties. By embedding these methods within the PDT framework, we lower the barriers to practical implementation, making probabilistic approaches more accessible and applicable in real-world engineering workflows.