Linnaean taxonomy, which imposes hierarchical classifications based on morphological characteristics, has become deeply embedded in modern data architecture, from databases to metadata schemas to AI training datasets. With its hierarchical structure and rigid categorization, Linnaean taxonomy privileges one type of knowledge while marginalizing alternative taxonomies that offer more fluid, contextual, and relational understandings of the natural world. This paper examines how the legacy of Linnaean taxonomy continues to shape contemporary classification systems and artificial intelligence (AI). Indigenous knowledge systems, which include spiritual, cultural, and ecological dimensions, view entities not as isolated objects but as nodes in dynamic, interconnected networks. We draw from the French naturalist, Comte de Buffon, who, in line with Indigenous knowledge systems, viewed nature as continuous and contextual rather than discretely compartmentalized. The dominance of Linnaean-style classification in AI and data systems perpetuates colonial power dynamics and contributes to knowledge homogenization while losing Indigenous languages and classification systems crucial for addressing contemporary environmental challenges, particularly in agriculture and biodiversity conservation. In this Age of AI, we call for a holistic and ecological approach to archives. Therefore, we propose applying ‘rhizomatic hylomorphism,’ an ethnobiological, alternative classification that transcends hierarchical taxonomies to embrace multiplicity, relationality, and contextual meaning.

Traced monoidal categories model processes that can feed their outputs back to their own inputs, abstracting iteration. The category of finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces with the direct sum tensor is not traced. But surprisingly, in 2014, Bartha showed that the monoidal subcategory of isometries is traced. The same holds for coisometries, unitary maps, and contractions. This suggests the possibility of feeding outputs of quantum processes back to their own inputs, analogous to iteration. In this paper, we show that Bartha’s result is not specifically tied to Hilbert spaces, but works in any dagger additive category with Moore–Penrose pseudoinverses (a natural dagger-categorical generalization of inverses).

This article examines the institutional evolution and professionalization of the state police in Prague during the final decades of the Habsburg monarchy, arguing that the transformation of the Prague State Police between 1893 and 1910 represents a proactive effort in modern state-building. Drawing on reports from the Prague Police Directorate and the Bohemian Governor’s Office, it analyzes how recurring episodes of mass violence—specifically the unrest of the early 1890s, the riots of December 1897, and the nationalist disturbances of 1908—exposed the structural vulnerabilities of a security apparatus designed for routine policing rather than mass politics.

The article highlights a significant shift in administrative strategy: the movement away from a reliance on military intervention, which was increasingly viewed by civil authorities as a “double defeat” that undermined the legitimacy of the constitutional state. Instead, police directors such as Georg Dörfl and Karel Křikava successfully advocated for a robust, civilian-controlled force characterized by increased manpower, modernized equipment, and the establishment of a dedicated reserve for professional training. By 1910, the Prague Guard had largely expanded, reflecting a fundamental reconceptualization of urban order where protest was accepted as an unavoidable feature of political life to be contained by professional civilian forces rather than crushed by the army.

Training for knowledge and attitude change can be a key component of improving animal care and welfare. Much of the available research is focused upon the livestock industry but can be applied to other animal industries. In the research and teaching industry (RTI), training is an important legal, regulatory, professional, and ethical responsibility as well as a forming part of the social licence for industry. A comparative study was developed to explore the impact of training targeting attitudes and knowledge on participants’ use of grimace scales (GS) in the Australian and New Zealand (ANZ) RTI. Participants were recruited into training sessions that excluded (control) or included (enhanced) training targeting attitudes. Prior to any training, cohorts received a mixed-methods, quantitative-qualitative questionnaire to determine baseline knowledge and attitudes towards GS, animal welfare, and pain management. Post-training, participants completed questionnaires to investigate changes in their knowledge or attitudes. Training (control and enhanced) resulted in up to eight times more positive attitudes and knowledge towards the GS and pain management. Only enhanced training for attitudes offered additional key benefits with participants being up to three times more confident in GS and more likely to offer pain relief. The results from this study demonstrate the ability for GS training to improve human-animal interactions with potential improvements in pain management, animal welfare, the 3Rs, and research. These outcomes support the greater body of literature and best practice recommendations for RTIs to require and implement training programmes that incorporate attitudinal training in animal care and use programmes.

Nursery crop producers in the Southeastern U.S. use open ponds of captured water for irrigating container-grown plants, often without filtration. Many growers perceive irrigation water as a source of weed seed dispersal, but data on the presence of weed seeds in nursery irrigation ponds are lacking. The presence and diversity of viable weed seeds in irrigation pond water samples from six commercial container nurseries in central and eastern North Carolina, U.S.A., were documented in the spring, summer, and late summer for two consecutive years. Irrigation pond water was filtered in 75,708-L increments using a custom-fabricated filtration system. The sample volume was chosen to approximate daily irrigation for 0.405 ha. A total of 216 filtrate samples were collected, six for each location, season, and year. Filtrates were spread on soilless substrate in plastic trays, and seedling emergence was recorded every seven days for twelve weeks. Irrigation samples from all locations, seasons, and years contained viable seeds. A total of 75 different taxa were present in the irrigation filtrates, including 28 weed species common to container nurseries. The average number of seeds collected at each location ranged from 9 to 35 per 75,708-L sample. Averaged across years and locations, there were 12.5, 24.8, and 18.2 germinable seeds 75,708 L-1 in spring, summer, and late summer collections, respectively. Some common weed species, such as eclipta, marsh yellowcress, large crabgrass, flexuous bittercress, and spotted spurge, were present in samples from each season’s collections, while other species were unique to a single season. Although irrigation water introduced weed seeds, the number of weed seeds was small compared to other potential sources of weed seed dispersal within the nursery environment.

We study the classical relationship between a firm’s investment and q, for which an unobserved persistent shock is an important factor in the investment decision. In our setting, besides the potential measurement problem of q, controlling for the unobserved shock becomes a new challenge. We develop an estimation method that addresses both econometric issues given timing and information set assumptions. Using 16,256 unique public firms in the United States from 1975 to 2021, we find that q remains a significant factor of investment even after controlling for the unobserved shock and measurement error.

Academic statistical consulting centers collaborate and provide statistical support to faculty and graduate students for their research projects. Clients seeking statistical support may face communication and cognitive accessibility barriers that consultants may not be aware of. Many researchers do not disclose their personal circumstances, such as neurodivergent behaviors. Universal Design for Learning is a framework that aims to support individuals regardless of their abilities or learning styles, by providing multiple means of engagement, presentation, and action and expression. Adapting these principles for statistical consulting and taking time to assess specific needs of individuals helps improve the experiences of clients and consultants and leads to high quality statistical support and successful completion of research projects. We propose an organizational framework applicable to statistical consulting environments aligned with accessibility guidelines to improve access and empower clients and consultants. Providing a respectful environment where differences are normalized and welcomed creates a sense of belonging for everyone.

An automorphism of the free group $F_n$ is called pure symmetric if it sends each generator to a conjugate of itself. The group $\mathrm {PSAut}_n$ of all pure symmetric automorphisms and its quotient $\mathrm {PSOut}_n$ by the group of inner automorphisms are called the McCool groups. In this article, we prove that every BNSR-invariant $\Sigma ^m$ of a McCool group is either dense or empty in the character sphere, and we characterize precisely when each situation occurs. Our techniques involve understanding higher generation properties of abelian subgroups of McCool groups, coming from the McCullough–Miller space. We also investigate further properties of the second invariant $\Sigma ^2$ for McCool groups using a general criterion due to Meinert for a character to lie in $\Sigma ^2$.

In sign languages, aspects of event structure have been shown to be systematically reflected in the phonological structure of verb signs, as proposed by the Event Visibility Hypothesis (EVH). This study investigates the relationship between verb semantics and phonology in 119 verbs from Austrian Sign Language (ÖGS). Four Deaf signers evaluated the usability of these verbs in specific contexts to assess event structure, and then their responses were correlated with the phonological structure of the signs. For the majority of signs (N = 109), the semantics of event structure was reflected in their phonological form, mapping to end-state semantics as expected. For a few signs (with inchoativity), phonological forms correlated instead with event onset. Additionally, some signs allowed for argument structure alternations, which have been previously only rarely reported for sign languages. The findings support the claim that event structure is systematically mapped to verb sign phonology using physical properties of articulator motion, and further indicate the need to extend the taxonomy of event/argument structures inventory to encompass the variability across (sign) languages.

Research was conducted to evaluate the influence of adjuvants on hexazinone efficacy for smut grass control in greenhouse and field conditions. The greenhouse experiment was established in 2023 with two runs, comprising hexazinone at 1.12 kg ai ha-1, applied alone or with adjuvants (Grounded, NanoPro, and Sorbyx), and six simulated rainfall accumulation volumes (0, 6, 12, 25, 50, and 100 mm). In field trials, hexazinone was applied at 1.12 kg ai ha-1 with different adjuvants (BREAK-THRU, Grounded, NanoPro, and Sorbyx), and a non-treated control to small smut grass at Marianna, FL, in 2022 and 2023, and giant smut grass at Ona, FL, in 2022 and 2023. In the greenhouse experiment, the addition of all adjuvants to hexazinone improved efficacy, resulting in >78% control (30 DAT), <50% biomass (% of the non-treated control 30 DAT), and little to no regrowth by 60 DAT; applying hexazinone without an adjuvant resulted in <70% control (30 DAT), >52% biomass, and regrowth by 60 DAT. Similarly, adding Grounded, NanoPro, and Sorbyx to hexazinone in the field resulted in >63% smut grass density reduction. However, adding BREAK-THRU to hexazinone did not enhance its efficacy. Adjuvants Grounded, NanoPro, and Sorbyx enhanced the effectiveness of hexazinone in both the greenhouse and the field, indicating their potential for effective smut grass management.