This chapter deals with the finite element formulation for thin plate and shell structures. We will review the assumptions on the kinematics of deformation from classical plate bending theories, introduce them into the finite element formulation for plates, and then extend the formulation to curved shell structures within the isoparametric formulation. For 3D solid elements that can be used for plates and shell analysis, we will first look at solid elements with three nodes through the thickness. We will then show how solid elements with two nodes through the thickness can be constructed for analysis of plate and shell structures.
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