The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization Text, Cases, and Materials

As mentioned in Chapter 8, apart from the ‘general exceptions’ and the ‘security exceptions’, discussed in that chapter, WTO law also provides for ‘economic emergency exceptions’. These exceptions allow Members to adopt two types of measures, otherwise WTO-inconsistent, namely, ‘safeguard measures’ and ‘balance-of-payments measures’. This chapter deals in turn with: (1) safeguard measures under the GATT 1994 and the Agreement on Safeguards; (2) safeguard measures under other WTO agreements; and (3) balance-of-payments measures under the GATT 1994 and the GATS.