Colmez has given a recipe to associate a smooth modular representation Ω(W) of the Borel subgroup of GL2(Qp) to a -representation W of by using Fontaine’s theory of (φ,Γ)-modules. We compute Ω(W) explicitly and we prove that if W is irreducible and dim (W)=2, then Ω(W) is the restriction to the Borel subgroup of GL2(Qp) of the supersingular representation associated to W by Breuil’s correspondence.

Let G be a finite group and let δ(G) be the number of prime order subgroups of G. We determine the groups G with the property δ(G)≥∣G∣/2−1, extending earlier work of C. T. C. Wall, and we use our classification to obtain new results on the generation of near-rings by units of prime order.

A group is said to be, finitely co-Hopfian when it contains no proper subgroup of finite index isomorphic to itself. It is known that irreducible lattices in semisimple Lie groups are finitely co-Hopfian. However, it is not clear, and does not appear to be known, whether this property is preserved under direct product. We consider a strengthening of the finite co-Hopfian condition, namely the existence of a non-zero multiplicative invariant, and show that, under mild restrictions, this property is closed with respect to finite direct products. Since it is also closed with respect to commensurability, it follows that lattices in linear semisimple groups of general type are finitely co-Hopfian.

This paper continues the investigation of semigroup constructions motivated by applications in data mining. We give a complete description of the error-correcting capabilities of a large family of clusterers based on Rees matrix semigroups well known in semigroup theory. This result strengthens and complements previous formulas recently obtained in the literature. Examples show that our theorems do not generalize to other classes of semigroups.

A p-group is called powerful if every commutator is a product of pth powers when p is odd and a product of fourth powers when p=2. In the group algebra of a group G of p-power order over a finite field of characteristic p, the group of normalized units is always a p-group. We prove that it is never powerful except, of course, when G is abelian.

This paper gives the classification of the Whittaker unitary dual for affine graded Hecke algebras of type E. By the Iwahori–Matsumoto involution, this is also equivalent to the classification of the spherical unitary dual for type E. Together with some results of Barbasch and Moy (D. Barbasch and A. Moy, Unitary spherical spectrum for p-adic classical groups, Acta Appl. Math. 44 (1996), 3–37; D. Barbasch, The spherical unitary spectrum of split classical real and p-adic groups, Preprint (2006), math/0609828) and Ciubotaru (D. Ciubotaru, The Iwahori spherical unitary dual of the split group of type F4, Represent. Theory 9 (2005), 94–137), this work completes the classification of the Whittaker Iwahori-spherical unitary dual or, equivalently, the spherical unitary dual of any split p-adic group.

Our first main result shows that a graph product of right cancellative monoids is itself right cancellative. If each of the component monoids satisfies the condition that the intersection of two principal left ideals is either principal or empty, then so does the graph product. Our second main result gives a presentation for the inverse hull of such a graph product. We then specialize to the case of the inverse hulls of graph monoids, obtaining what we call ‘polygraph monoids’. Among other properties, we observe that polygraph monoids are F*-inverse. This follows from a general characterization of those right cancellative monoids with inverse hulls that are F*-inverse.

Let H be the generic Iwahori–Hecke algebra associated with a finite Coxeter group W. Recently, we have shown that H admits a natural cellular basis in the sense of Graham and Lehrer, provided that W is a Weyl group and all parameters of H are equal. The construction involves some data arising from the Kazhdan–Lusztig basis {Cw} of H and Lusztig's asymptotic ring J}. We attempt to study J and its representation theory from a new point of view. We show that J can be obtained in an entirely different fashion from the generic representations of H, without any reference to {Cw}. We then extend the construction of the cellular basis to the case where W is not crystallographic. Furthermore, if H is a multi-parameter algebra, we see that there always exists at least one cellular structure on H. Finally, the new construction of J may be extended to Hecke algebras associated with complex reflection groups.

Inspired by the results of Adin, Postnikov and Roichman, we propose combinatorial Gelfand models for semigroup algebras of some finite semigroups, which include the symmetric inverse semigroup, the dual symmetric inverse semigroup, the maximal factorizable subsemigroup in the dual symmetric inverse semigroup and the factor power of the symmetric group. Furthermore, we extend the Gelfand model for the semigroup algebras of the symmetric inverse semigroup to a Gelfand model for the q-rook monoid algebra.

A variety is said to be a Rees–Sushkevich variety if it is contained in a periodic variety generated by 0-simple semigroups. Recently, all combinatorial Rees–Sushkevich varieties have been shown to be finitely based. The present paper continues the investigation of these varieties by describing those that are Cross, finitely generated, or small. It is shown that within the lattice of combinatorial Rees–Sushkevich varieties, the set ℱ of finitely generated varieties constitutes an incomplete sublattice and the set 𝒮 of small varieties constitutes a strict incomplete sublattice of ℱ. Consequently, a combinatorial Rees–Sushkevich variety is small if and only if it is Cross. An algorithm is also presented that decides if an arbitrarily given finite set Σ of identities defines, within the largest combinatorial Rees–Sushkevich variety, a subvariety that is finitely generated or small. This algorithm has complexity 𝒪(nk) where n is the number of identities in Σ and k is the length of the longest word in Σ.

We study behaviours of the ‘equianharmonic’ parameter of the Grothendieck–Teichmüller group introduced by Lochak and Schneps. Using geometric construction of a certain one-parameter family of quartics, we realize the Galois action on the fundamental group of a punctured Mordell elliptic curve in the standard Galois action on a specific subgroup of the braid group . A consequence is to represent a matrix specialization of the ‘equianharmonic’ parameter in terms of special values of the adelic beta function introduced and studied by Anderson and Ihara.

We introduce the notion of a strong representation of a semigroup in the monoid of endomorphisms of any mathematical structure, and use this concept to provide a theoretical description of the automorphism group of any semigroup. As an application of our general theorems, we extend to semigroups a well-known result concerning automorphisms of groups, and we determine the automorphism groups of certain transformation semigroups and of the fundamental inverse semigroups.

We give a qualitative description of the set 𝒪G(H) of overgroups in G of primitive subgroups H of finite alternating and symmetric groups G, and particularly of the maximal overgroups. We then show that certain weak restrictions on the lattice 𝒪G(H) impose strong restrictions on H and its overgroup lattice.

We give a graph-theoretic definition for the number of ends of Cayley digraphs for finitely generated semigroups and monoids. For semigroups and monoids, left Cayley digraphs can be very different from right Cayley digraphs. In either case, the number of ends for the Cayley digraph does not depend upon which finite set of generators is used for the semigroup or monoid. For natural numbers m and n, we exhibit finitely generated monoids for which the left Cayley digraphs have m ends while the right Cayley digraphs have n ends. For direct products and for many other semidirect products of a pair of finitely generated infinite monoids, the right Cayley digraph of the semidirect product has only one end. A finitely generated subsemigroup of a free semigroup has either one end or else has infinitely many ends.

A one-dimensional tiling is a bi-infinite string on a finite alphabet, and its tiling semigroup is an inverse semigroup whose elements are marked finite substrings of the tiling. We characterize the structure of these semigroups in the periodic case, in which the tiling is obtained by repetition of a fixed primitive word.

In this paper, we characterize quadratic number fields possessing unique factorization in terms of the power cancellation property of torsion-free rank-two abelian groups, in terms of Σ-unique decomposition, in terms of a pair of point set topological properties of Eilenberg–Mac Lane spaces, and in terms of the sequence of rational primes. We give a complete set of topological invariants of abelian groups, we characterize those abelian groups that have the power cancellation property in the category of abelian groups, and we characterize those abelian groups that have Σ-unique decomposition. Our methods can be used to characterize any direct sum decomposition property of an abelian group.

For a fixed parabolic subalgebra 𝔭 of we prove that the centre of the principal block 𝒪0𝔭 of the parabolic category 𝒪 is naturally isomorphic to the cohomology ring H*(ℬ𝔭) of the corresponding Springer fibre. We give a diagrammatic description of 𝒪0𝔭 for maximal parabolic 𝔭 and give an explicit isomorphism to Braden’s description of the category PervB(G(k,n)) of Schubert-constructible perverse sheaves on Grassmannians. As a consequence Khovanov’s algebra ℋn is realised as the endomorphism ring of some object from PervB(G(n,n)) which corresponds under localisation and the Riemann–Hilbert correspondence to a full projective–injective module in the corresponding category 𝒪0𝔭. From there one can deduce that Khovanov’s tangle invariants are obtained from the more general functorial invariants in [C. Stroppel, Categorification of the Temperley Lieb category, tangles, and cobordisms via projective functors, Duke Math. J. 126(3) (2005), 547–596] by restriction.

This paper investigates self-small abelian groups of finite torsion-free rank. We obtain a new characterization of infinite self-small groups. In addition, self-small groups of torsion-free rank 1 and their finite direct sums are discussed.

Let G be a group. A subset N of G is a set of pairwise noncommuting elements if xy⁄=yx for any two distinct elements x and y in N. If ∣N∣≥∣M∣ for any other set of pairwise noncommuting elements M in G, then N is said to be a maximal subset of pairwise noncommuting elements. In this paper we determine the cardinality of a maximal subset of pairwise noncommuting elements in a three-dimensional general linear group. Moreover, we show how to modify a given maximal subset of pairwise noncommuting elements into another maximal subset of pairwise noncommuting elements that contains a given ‘generating element’ from each maximal torus.

Let G be a group and let CAutΦ(G)(Z(Φ(G))) be the set of all automorphisms of G centralizing G/Φ(G) and Z(Φ(G)). For each prime p and finite p-group G, we prove that CAutΦ(G)(Z(Φ(G)))≤Inn(G) if and only if G is elementary abelian or Φ(G)=Z(G) and Z(G) is cyclic.