A low-profile dual-circularly polarized (CP) antenna array using spiral sequential rotation (SSR) technique is proposed. The array element consists of two stacked CP patches and a double-layer ceramic substrate with high dielectric constant. Dual CP radiations are accomplished by the slender rectangular structures on the radiators, which can excite two orthogonal characteristic modes. An extremely small size of 0.005λ3 (λ is the wavelength in free space for the low bands) and a wide 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth (ARBW) of 206° are achieved. Furthermore, the SSR technique is employed to achieve low cross-polarization level (XPL) within a large scanning angle. Prototype of a 6 × 6 array was fabricated and measured. Experimental results demonstrate that a wide 3-dB AR scanning angle of ± 55° is realized for LHCP as well as RHCP radiation. Additionally, low XPL less than −18.1 dB with gain fluctuation less than 4 dB are achieved over −55° ∼ + 55°. Meanwhile, the array has successfully passed the mechanical test and the thermal vacuum test (−90° ∼ + 90°). All the merits of dual-CP radiation, extremely low profile of 0.06λ, wide 3-dB AR scanning capability, and low XPL make our proposed dual-CP SSR antenna array be attractive candidate for satellite applications.

Research on how cognitive and affective factors shape bilinguals’ moral judgments in their first (L1) and second (L2) languages remains limited. This study advances our understanding of both language-related variables (L2 proficiency, age of onset of L2 acquisition, length of L2 immersion) and nonlinguistic variables (emotional intelligence, executive functions) in relation to the moral judgments and emotional intensity experienced by 90 Chinese–English bilingual speakers. Participants read five moral dilemmas and completed a set of questionnaires and cognitive ability tests. Mixed-effects models revealed no evidence of a moral foreign language effect, raising questions about the robustness of this phenomenon. Specifically, neither language-related variables nor emotional intelligence had a significant effect. However, participants with stronger updating ability made more deontological judgments in both their L1 and L2, while those with better inhibitory control also made more deontological decisions, but only in their L1. These findings offer new insights into the relationship between language and cognition.

Industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology has largely ignored organized labor, both in terms of our research interests and as a potential domain of professional practice. Historically, some I-O psychologists have even engaged in antilabor activities. This article aims to make that history more salient to current members of the profession, help us better understand how and why that schism came about, note the adverse effects on our understanding of organizations and contributing to employee well-being and organizational effectiveness, and highlight associated ethical issues. We offer suggestions on how to address the situation, drawing on examples from the field of industrial relations. We also consider the impact of the current antilabor, antidemocratic US government administration. We conclude by offering some suggested prompts for commentaries to the article.

Let ${\mathbb {F}_q}$ be the finite field with $q = p^f$ elements. We study the restriction of two classes of mod p representations of ${G_q} = \text {GL}_2({{\mathbb {F}_q}})$ to ${G_p} = \text {GL}_2({\mathbb {F}_p})$. We first study the restrictions of principal series which are obtained by induction from a Borel subgroup ${B_q}$. We then analyze the restrictions of inductions from an anisotropic torus ${T_q}$ which are related to cuspidal representations. Complete decompositions are given in both cases according to the parity of f. The proofs depend on writing down explicit orbit decompositions of ${G_p} \backslash {G_q} / H,$ where $H = {B_q}$ or ${T_q}$ using the fact that ${G_q}/H$ is an explicit orbit in a certain projective line, along with Mackey theory.

For a plant as renowned and beloved in China as the plum blossom (meihua 梅花), there is conspicuously little written in English about eating it. However, without understanding the historical affection for consuming plum blossoms, our comprehension of it as a cultural icon misses an important dimension. This article explores the intriguing discourse surrounding plum blossom consumption in three sections. The first section introduces the key concept of qing 清 (“purity”) and its relation to the “poet’s spleen” (shiren pi 詩人脾), which provides a theoretical framework for a relationship between eating it and writing poetry. The second section examines Song-dynasty poems on this eating practice, particularly those by Yang Wanli 楊萬里 (1127–1206) and the Rivers and Lakes poets (jianghu shiren 江湖詩人). Their poetry was closely tied to new developments in the notion of qi 氣 and “poetic spleen” (shipi 詩脾). The third section turns to culinary recipes, primarily from the Rivers and Lakes poet Lin Hong 林洪 (fl. 1224–1263), who promotes qing aesthetics in plum blossom dishes. I argue that the discovery of culinary value in a flower long regarded as more symbolic than edible marks a significant development in Song-dynasty (960–1279) literati culture, aesthetics, intellectual history, and medicine.

In this paper, I explore the millennium-long presence of the chickpea in premodern China by highlighting three key historical moments. The legume had its first rise to prominence as a cosmopolitan “Muslim Bean” in the Mongol Yuan (1271–1368) imperial diet. It then experienced a phase of obscurity, as the most renowned Chinese herbalist, Li Shizhen 李時珍 (1518–1593), conflated it with the pea. A disparate identity of the legume emerged around the same time, as the bean garnered attention from famine relief specialists, consequently transforming into a source of sustenance. The multiple lives of the chickpea were characterized with a common emphasis on its foreignness, drawing connections to various Eurasian cultures beyond China. The plant’s enduring presence, coupled with ongoing allusions to its alienness, makes it a perpetual foreigner in the broad expanse of the Chinese empire.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by fatigable weakness and increased perioperative vulnerability. Postoperative myasthenic crisis, defined as respiratory failure requiring prolonged ventilation or re-intubation, remains a feared complication after surgical procedures such as thymectomy. The efficacy of preoperative interventions such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and plasmapheresis remains uncertain. This review examines the evidence supporting risk stratification tools and immunomodulatory strategies to prevent postoperative myasthenic crisis. A comprehensive literature review was conducted focusing on studies evaluating the incidence, risk factors and preventive strategies for postoperative myasthenic crisis in MG patients. Particular emphasis was placed on clinical predictive models and randomized trials assessing preoperative IVIg and plasmapheresis. Recent data suggest the incidence of postoperative myasthenic crisis has declined to below 10%, largely due to advances in surgical technique and perioperative care. Established risk factors include bulbar involvement, reduced pulmonary function and prior crises. Risk prediction models such as the Leuzzi and Kanai scores offer clinically useful stratification. While older retrospective studies favored preoperative plasmapheresis, meta-analyses and randomized trials have yielded mixed results. Randomized trials of IVIg have shown no significant benefit in well-controlled patients, and both interventions carry notable risks and costs. Current evidence does not support the routine use of IVIg or plasmapheresis prior to surgery in all MG patients. A targeted, risk-based approach guided by validated predictive models is recommended to minimize unnecessary interventions and health care system costs.

Proper management of mutual interference plays an important role in the successful simultaneous operation of automotive frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar sensors at different vehicles. Compared to traditional interference handling concepts such as detect-and-mitigate or detect-and-avoid, the detect-and-exploit paradigm turns the originally interfering signals into signals of interest and uses them to obtain information about the environment. Following this idea, a method that implements such an interference exploitation strategy in terms of joint passive spectral sensing and localization of surrounding objects is elaborated and presented in this work. In summary, the method consists of a dedicated radar operational mode and a corresponding signal processing chain including pre-processing, beam steering-based signal component separation, maximum likelihood (ML)–inspired signal parameter estimation, and joint direction of arrival (DoA)-time difference of arrival (TDoA) based object localization. The unique advantage of the presented concept compared to over-the-air synchronization (OTAS)-based solutions is that it can also deal with interferers that change their ramp parameters over time. The applicability of the concept is both theoretically analyzed as well as practically demonstrated by means of measurements in an anechoic chamber, where the position of the interferer and an additional object in the surrounding can be determined with an accuracy of a few centimeters.

William Blake’s theology is expressed in a strange, idiosyncratic idiom that is difficult to pin down. Sometimes Blake is even read as an anti-Christian, proto-Nietzschean thinker. However, in 1910, Chesterton noted Blake’s unusual ‘tenderness’ toward the Catholic faith and even suggested that he was already on the path toward Catholicism. In this paper, I present an interpretation of Blake’s theology, focusing on his early work The Marriage of Heaven and Hell and on the ‘fetters’ that he attributes to Milton, implying that he is free of them. I argue that Blake is a sincere Christian – and, as Chesterton suggested, far closer to Catholicism than one might expect. Blake’s profound and insightful reflection on the epistemological and psychological effects of original sin forge a middle way, akin to that of Catholicism, between a ‘Pelagian’ belief in the ability of human beings to redeem themselves through their own efforts and a Calvinist insistence on humanity’s total postlapsarian depravity.

This paper proposes and experimentally validates four origami-inspired reconfigurable waveguide antenna designs, including the vertical folded waveguide antenna, the tilted waveguide antenna, the bellowed tilted waveguide antenna, and the fan-fold horn antenna. Aimed at overcoming the inherent limitations of rigid waveguide, those designs use mechanical deformation to control electromagnetic performance. By leveraging simple folding mechanisms, those proposed structures can turn antenna’s key parameters such as operating frequency, beam direction, beamwidth, gain and beam shape without relying on active components or complex beamforming circuitry. All prototypes were handcrafted as proof-of-concepts and successfully demonstrated their targeted functionality, showing the great potential in applications that require occasional reconfiguration rather than rapid, continuous adjustment. These results also reveal how origami techniques can unlock new design freedom for compact, reconfigurable antennas for future communication and sensing system.

No matter the methodology, gaining access to potential research participants is one of the more difficult aspects of conducting field research. Sometimes, potential participants may be “hard to reach”—for example, they are physically located in remote areas where the lack of infrastructure necessitates extensive travel and/or difficult logistics. Alternatively, they may be “vulnerable” due to disenfranchisement (incarcerated populations), stigma (those living with HIV/AIDS), or at risk if they share their experiences (people living in authoritarian states). Or participants may be “hidden”—that is, no record of their experiences exists, which, in turn, makes it difficult to find and recruit them (Ellard-Gray et al. 2015).1

A review was carried out of studies on the diet of various Mediterranean teuthivorous predators (marine mammals, chondrichthyans, osteichthyans, seabirds, turtles, crustaceans, and cephalopods) and their cephalopod prey. Data extracted from the literature were analysed using multivariate statistical techniques. Three distinct groups of predators were identified according to the cephalopod species consumed. The most common prey of the predators are the ‘unidentified Cephalopoda’, followed by the sepiolid Heteroteuthis dispar and the ommastrephid squid Illex coindetii. The most important cephalopod predators are the striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba, the chondrichthyans Scyliorhinus canicula and Galeus melastomus, the swordfish Xiphias gladius, and the ommastrephid squid Todarodes sagittatus. The dietary preferences of the different teutophages, their geographical distribution and some ecological implications are discussed.

This paper provides a profound perspective on the neuronal property of radiofrequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs). The nonlinearity of the PA is studied for the first time by solving differential equations in a bio-inspired neuromorphic model, i.e. Hodgkin–Huxley model, with Bayesian estimation. This study demonstrates that the nonlinearity of RF components is biomimicking and thus can enhance neuromorphic computing capacities of a communication network under the framework of a joint communication and computation (J2C) scheme. Overall, our work contributes to incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) and automation into the communication network, a key trend in 6G.