Hard landings are a perennial issue for airlines, resulting in lost aircraft utilisation, ground delays and landing gear damage. With the Boeing 787 series in widespread use with airlines globally, this study aims to quantify the influence of several flight parameters on the vertical load factor at touchdown for the Boeing 787 using data from the aircraft’s quick access recorder (QAR). A hierarchical regression analysis was performed on 13 variables that were grouped into three sets: (A) Aircraft and Environmental Conditions, (B) Flare Parameters and (C) Final Manoeuvres. These sets were entered sequentially to predict touchdown load factor in Gs. The final model was statistically significant (p < 0.001), explaining 14% of the variance in touchdown G. Final Manoeuvres (Set C) was the largest unique contributor, accounting for 5% of the variance. Three flight parameters were found to be significant predictors: windspeed, vertical speed at 20ft AGL and stick pitch (forward). For the latter, pitch-down control input resulted in an average increase of 0.08G compared to a stick-neutral input.

This article presents the first comprehensive empirical analysis of the mainstream music in Slovenia, a small and peripheral music market shaped by global trends and regional pop-cultural history. Drawing on survey data on musical preferences (2021) and radio airplays from 2017 to 2022, the study combines big data methodologies with a reflexive theoretical approach about mainstream music as a meta-genre. The findings expose the relational structure of audience taste, revealing genre clusters that reflect cultural divides between global and local, and a dual mainstream formation in the radio’s airplay: one driven by seasonal, high-rotation global hits, and another composed of canonized domestic and regional evergreens. This layered formation illustrates how institutional repetition and audience selection reproduce the status quo in contemporary cultural industries, while constraining aesthetic innovation, marginalizing younger local artists, and reinforcing generational divides within the Slovenian music landscape.

Between 2021 and 2023, the Center for Applied Isotope Studies (CAIS) tested over 500 samples for biobased carbon content under the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Biopreferred Program using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) biobased testing standard D6866. We describe some of the novel approaches we used to prepare a diverse array of biobased products and summarize those radiocarbon test results and success rates in meeting the USDA Minimum Biobased Content (MBC).

This article examines attitudes to the law in Menander. It argues that the law is given a specifically Athenian context and that it can give us an insight into the concerns and values of the playwright and his society. By analysing the ways in which characters perceive issues of legality, the article stresses the importance of humanity and personal character in the plays’ dramatization of the interface between private lives and public institutions in early Hellenistic Athens. The article highlights how the ambivalence and the multivocality which are inherent in Menander’s dramatic technique allow for varying responses and for the presentation of radical views.

This research paper addresses the hypothesis that the in vivo criterion of bovine somatic cell count (SCC) < 200,000 cells/ml milk as a diagnostic marker for healthy mammary tissue is not suitable to be adopted to milk samples taken post slaughter. To study immune mechanisms associated with intramammary infections, we developed a mammary explant model. As SCC is routinely applied to differentiate between healthy and inflamed mammary tissue, donor cows were selected based on their milk SCC obtained in vivo. Furthermore, milk cell differentiation for early mastitis detection via flow cytometry allows identification of leucocyte subpopulations and complements SCC. To replace in vivo examination and allow for post mortem selection of donor cows, this explorative study aimed to investigate how slaughter influences the reliability of SCC and differential milk cell count (DMCC) and to assess their validity as diagnostic markers for udder health in bovine milk samples obtained post slaughter. Therefore, quarter milk samples from cows were obtained in vivo and post mortem and analysed to determine SCC and DMCC and identify major mastitis pathogens. The logarithmized numbers of SCC, non-viable cells, viable cells, lymphoid cells, polymorphonuclear (PMN) and large cells per ml milk were compared using linear mixed-effects models in milk samples obtained from cows in vivo and post mortem. The number of lymphoid cells, PMN and large cells was significantly higher in milk samples obtained post mortem than in vivo, with PMN being the most prominent cell population. Higher milk SCC values measured post mortem might be explained by migration of leucocytes into the periphery during slaughter. This should be considered when modelling intramammary infection in vitro using udder tissue. Reflecting these findings, it is not feasible to endorse SCC as a reliable marker for post mortem selection of donor cows with healthy mammary tissue for in vitro models.

This paper examines replication research in pragmatics. The paper has three goals: to understand how replication has been used in pragmatics, to explore how replication research can enrich research in pragmatics and language learning, and to offer some suggestions for replication projects in L2 pragmatics. The paper examines sets of original and replicated studies in both L1 and L2 pragmatics to understand the range of research that has been conducted. It then considers the status of item replications (repeated scenarios) that characterize L2 pragmatics research. And it concludes by considering specific issues in L2 pragmatics research that can be insightfully investigated via replication.

This paper presents a dual-band reflectarray antenna based on a 1-bit hybrid active/passive metasurface, achieving independent four-beam radiation at frequencies of 5.8 and 9.7 GHz. The proposed unit cell integrates an active double-split square ring with PIN diodes for 180° phase switching at 5.8 GHz, and a passive cross-shaped patch for 180° phase control at 9.7 GHz. A chessboard-like coding arrangement enables independent beam steering at both frequencies. Experimental results from a fabricated 15 × 15 metasurface prototype show stable four-beam operation, with measured steering angles of 19° and 12.1°, and 3-dB beamwidths of 10.2° and 11.5° at 5.8 and 9.7 GHz, respectively, validating good agreement with simulations. The proposed metasurface demonstrates significant promise for applications in multiband radar and communication systems requiring compact, low-profile, reconfigurable antennas.

Since 2012, China has steadily advanced its anti-corruption efforts through the dual strategies of “hunting tigers” and “swatting flies.” However, the distinct impact of information about these two approaches on public perceptions of corruption across government levels remains underexplored. Drawing on a randomized survey experiment with 1,596 respondents in H province, this study reveals a phenomenon we term “hierarchical corruption perception.” Our findings indicate that information about grassroots-focused “swatting flies” efforts significantly reduces public perceptions of corruption at lower levels of government while producing mixed effects for perceived corruption at higher levels. In contrast, information about high-profile “hunting tigers” cases has limited average effects but significantly impacts individuals with lower corruption tolerance. By demonstrating that the effects of anti-corruption information depend on both the level of government involved and individual predispositions, these findings challenge conventional views on “corruption scandal fatigue” and provide important insights for designing effective, grassroots-oriented anti-corruption communication strategies.

A reinforcement learning (RL)-based automated antenna topology optimization method is proposed. The proposed framework can be divided into three phases, which are high-quality dataset construction, electromagnetic (EM) simulation acceleration, and RL-driven automated antenna topology optimization. Based on the high-quality dataset, a fully trained enhanced hybrid multilayer perceptron is proposed to replace time-consuming EM simulations. This approach allows the RL to acquire knowledge from the interaction between antenna topology and the environment quickly, reducing the optimization time cost caused by the large number of EM simulations. Additionally, two crucial components, topology bidirectional mapping strategy (TBM) and topology hierarchical analyzation strategy (THA), are introduced in this work to address the compatibility problems between ML and high-dimension antenna topology data. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a microstrip patch antenna operating at 2.45 GHz is optimized. According to the measurement results, the antenna performance of gain and impedance bandwidth is improved greatly at the same time through the proposed method.