This paper proposes a new surface fitting method based on double model comparison to solve the aspherical surface parameters, allowing for the simultaneous extraction of the surface deviation and the optimal surface fitting parameters for the radio antenna’s main reflector. This method employs the laser tracker to obtain the 3D coordinates of the points on the antenna surface, which can be expressed in terms of Zernike polynomials. Then compare the Zernike polynomial description with the ideal aspherical equation description to establish a discrepancy model in the optical design software. Finally, by optimizing this model, the optimal surface parameters can be obtained. The simulation results show that the method is suitable for high-precision fitting of aspherical surfaces with cone coefficient K in the range of [−4, 0.3], with the maximum deviation percentage of the radius of curvature at 0.036% and the cone coefficient at 0.14%. Experimental research is conducted on the 3.2 m sector sub-aperture spliced radio antenna; the fitted radius of curvature is 2012.3204 mm, the conic coefficient is −1.0476, and the Root Mean Square (RMS) is 0.6232 mm, confirming the adaptability of this method.

In this study, the effects of wheat-based diets processed in a hammer mill with different sieve diameters (4000 (fine), 5000 (medium) and 6000 (coarse) µm) and enzyme addition (0 and 300 g/ton) on the performance, slaughtering characteristics, tibia properties, jejunum morphology and pancreatic enzyme secretion in broilers (1–42 days) were tested in a 3×2 factorial design. A total of 480 one-day-old chickens were randomly distributed into 6 treatment groups of 5 replicates, each containing 16 birds. The performance of broilers was not affected by particle size. Dietary enzyme supplementation improved body weight on the 1–10th day period but did not affect other performance parameters. Thigh and abdominal fat increased with fine particle size, breast weight increased with medium particle size and gizzard weight increased with coarse particle size. Enzyme addition decreased the carcass and gizzard weights. Tibia breaking strength decreased with fine particle size. Tibia wall thickness and ash increased with enzyme addition. Pancreatic enzyme secretions increased in the coarse group and with enzyme supplementation. Jejunum histomorphology worsened with coarse particle size, while enzyme inclusion improved histomorphology. The interactions affected feed consumption (25–42nd day), feed conversion ratio (11–24th day), breast weight, tibia breaking strength and ash, pancreas weight, lipase activity and villus parameters. These findings demonstrated that coarse grinding of wheat-based diets improved bone development and pancreatic enzyme activity without affecting performance while worsening jejunum morphology. Enzyme addition positively affected bone and digestive system development.

This article examines the 19th-century ‘antiquities rush’ – the frenzy of archaeological digging, scientific expeditions, and straightforward looting of artefacts in the broader Mediterranean – through the framework of international status competition. To do this, I first situate material culture at the foundation of international status-seeking and demonstrate the importance of cultural objects as status symbols for states. I then elaborate two logics of status-seeking that explain why states engaged in massive cultural extraction practices in the early 19th century. The first logic is that of cultural custodianship, where states pursued status as guardians of the cultural heritage of humankind. The second logic is a claim to cultural descendance, where states sought recognition as cultural heirs of classical civilisations. Cultural extraction, therefore, was critical in the establishment of the 19th-century international cultural hierarchy. Echoes of these arguments reverberate today in the competing claims of ownership and restitution of these antiquities. To illustrate these arguments, the article focuses on the international competition between France and Great Britain over the extraction of antiquities, examining in detail the removal of the Parthenon Marbles from Athens at the turn of the 19th century.

This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of using refrigerated versus pre-warmed media for preparing time-lapse dishes in in vitro fertilization (IVF). Patients undergoing their first IVF/ICSI cycle were divided into two groups. The control group used pre-warmed culture media, while the experimental group used refrigerated culture media. The osmotic pressure of the culture droplets in both groups was tested. No statistical differences were found between the two groups’ basic data. The proportion of air microbubbles affecting imaging significantly decreased (4.55% vs. 37.97%, P < 0.001) when using pre-warmed media. However, the blastocyst formation rate (56.62% vs. 49.70%, P = 0.046) and total high-quality embryo rate (22.26% vs. 17.06%, P = 0.047) were significantly higher in the refrigerated media group compared to the pre-warmed media group. The higher rate of high-quality embryos in the refrigerated media group might result in a higher single embryo transfer rate (45.10% vs. 18.52%, P = 0.020) and implantation rate (58.23% vs. 34.69%, P = 0.010). From day –1 to day 1, osmolality increased, with the P-3.5 group showing a significant elevation compared to the other three groups. After 5 days of incubation, the osmotic pressure of group R-4.0 was significantly lower than that of groups P-3.5, P-4.0 and P-3.5. In conclusion, refrigerated culture media dishes helped stabilize the osmotic pressure of the culture microenvironment and reduce water evaporation. The refrigerated group showed a higher rate of high-quality embryos and live births, although pre-warmed culture media effectively reduced the occurrence of air microbubbles that affect embryo imaging in the next day’s dishes.

The historiography of African American education has stressed the work of education professionals, tensions over curricula, and the desegregation of schools. Informal learning settings, while recognized as important educative spaces, have remained tangential to the broader narrative of the struggle for education. Thus, the influence of Black civic voluntary organizations is largely underexplored. In this essay I posit that instead of being on the margins, Black associations supplemented, guided, supported, and funded the education of African Americans through overlapping organizational networks that comprised autonomous counterpublic spaces. In these spaces, a wide variety of voluntary groups worked collaboratively to improve local public schools, to develop curricula centered on Black culture, and to provide educational opportunities for youth and adults. Recognizing that the history of African American education cannot be fully told without investigating informal spaces, this essay offers a roadmap for the investigation of Black civic voluntary organizations.

Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an invasive tropical pest that is currently expanding in its geographical range into temperate regions. This study examined the temporal and spatial dynamics of B. dorsalis along an altitudinal gradient in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, in its southernmost adventive limit, which experiences a temperate climate with dry winters. Populations were monitored from October 2020 to October 2022 at three sites with altitudes ranging from 452 to 1 741 m above sea level. At each site, clusters of attractant-based traps (methyl eugenol and three-component Biolure) were set up and serviced at least monthly. We analysed the effects of climate, time of the year, altitude, and landscape on B. dorsalis abundance. Single population peaks of B. dorsalis were recorded from mid-summer to autumn in all sites, with higher prevalence at the low-altitude site. In the low- and mid-altitude sites, catches were recorded year-round, while at the high-altitude site, there were no catches for four to six months after onset of winter. Higher B. dorsalis catches were recorded as temperatures increased and precipitation decreased. Catches were higher in commercial orchards and home gardens compared to abandoned orchards. These findings provide valuable information for improving simulation models of B. dorsalis distribution and population growth that can be used to inform the management of this pest.

This article explores 2 key earthquake survival strategies: the widely endorsed “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” (DCH) method and the alternative fetal position within a survival triangle. While DCH provides mechanical protection from falling debris, its effectiveness in scenarios involving structural collapse and prolonged entrapment remains uncertain. Drawing on recent field data and thermodynamic considerations, this paper argues that the fetal position may offer survival advantages by minimizing heat loss and conserving metabolic energy—especially under cold conditions and delayed rescue. We emphasize the need for context-sensitive public safety guidance and further comparative research to inform adaptive earthquake preparedness protocols.

Genetic evidence indicates that Progamotaenia macropodis Beveridge, 1976 (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae), found in various macropodid host species, is a complex of cryptic species. However, the genetic data are incomplete, and no morphological re-appraisal of the species has been undertaken since its original description. Here, additional mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I sequence data have been added from the type host, Macropus giganteus, as well as other host species, and a morphological study of all available material undertaken. A new species, Progamotaenia mollicula sp. nov., is erected for specimens from the tammar wallaby, Notamacropus eugenii, which are smaller, and the testes in pre-mature and mature proglottids occur invariably in two lateral groups. Specimens from the remaining host species, Macropus fuliginosus, Notamacropus parryi, N. rufogriseus, Osphranter robustus, and Wallabia bicolor are highly variable with obvious differences in length and proglottid shape, but with no reliable internal morphological characters for separating the various genotypes. The study was limited by incomplete molecular data (N. rufogriseus) and the poor quality of some of the preserved material.

A subgroup X of a group G is said to be transitively normal if X is normal in any subgroup Y of G such that $X\leq Y$ and X is subnormal in Y. We investigate the structure of generalised soluble groups with dense transitively normal subgroups, that is, groups in which every nonempty open interval in their subgroup lattice contains a transitively normal subgroup. In particular, it will be proved that nonperiodic generalised soluble groups with dense transitively normal subgroups are abelian.

Cet article porte sur le limitarisme économique. Nous y explorons la possibilité d’établir une relation entre deux éléments abordés séparément dans cette littérature, soit les incitatifs économiques négatifs que l’application de la théorie peut générer et sa capacité à défendre l’égalité politique. Sur la base de cette relation, nous formulons une nouvelle objection contre le limitarisme. Finalement, nous envisageons deux pistes de solution pour répondre à cette objection et nous en tirons quelques recommandations pour de futures recherches sur le sujet.

To explain why nurses intend to stay or leave their organizations after perceiving a psychological contract breach (PCB), we investigated whether perceived organizational support (POS) among nurses moderates the relationship between PCB and turnover intention (TI). We used a survey methodology targeting currently employed nurses. After controlling for nursing unit, POS accentuated the positive relationship between PCB and TI. The study contributes to literature by demonstrating (1) the impact of PCB on TI and (2) that POS explains why the strength of the positive relationship between PCB and TI varies among individuals. Results highlight the importance of fulfilling obligations and promises made by supervisors and managers to nurses. The findings suggest that when nurses with high POS perceive PCBs, the consequences may be more detrimental.

La ludification de l’existence, c’est-à-dire l’application d’une structure ludique dans nos vies, a été critiquée par C.Thi Nguyen dans Games: Agency as Art (2020). Cette critique illustre en quoi les relations présentées dans l’émission de téléréalité Occupation double sont des exemples de ludification de l’amour. Ces relations constituent des modèles trop simplifiés de ce qui fonde, selon Hichem Naar, les raisons d’aimer quelqu’un, lesquelles combinent certaines qualités de la personne et la manière dont celles-ci se manifestent dans la relation. Ultimement, la ludification des relations dans cette émission ne permet pas de développer une forme d’amour appropriée et durable.

Most research on UAV swarm architectures remains confined to simulation-based studies, with limited real-world implementation and validation. In order to mitigate this issue, this research presents an improved task allocation and formation control system within ARCog-NET (Aerial Robot Cognitive Architecture), aimed at deploying autonomous UAV swarms as a unified and scalable solution. The proposed architecture integrates perception, planning, decision-making, and adaptive learning, enabling UAV swarms to dynamically adjust path planning, task allocation, and formation control in response to evolving mission demands. Inspired by artificial intelligence and cognitive science, ARCog-NET employs an Edge-Fog-Cloud (EFC) computing model, where edge UAVs handle real-time data acquisition and local processing, fog nodes coordinate intermediate control, and cloud servers manage complex computations, storage, and human supervision. This hierarchical structure balances real-time autonomy at the UAV level with high-level optimization and decision-making, creating a collective intelligence system that automatically fine-tunes decision parameters based on configurable triggers. To validate ARCog-NET, a realistic simulation framework was developed using SITL (Software-In-The-Loop) with actual flight controller firmware and ROS-based middleware, enabling high-fidelity emulation. This framework bridges the gap between virtual simulations and real-world deployments, allowing evaluation of performance in environmental monitoring, search and rescue, and emergency communication network deployment. Results demonstrate superior energy efficiency, adaptability, and operational effectiveness compared to conventional robotic swarm methodologies. By dynamically optimizing data processing based on task urgency, resource availability, and network conditions, ARCog-NET bridges the gap between theoretical swarm intelligence models and real-world UAV applications, paving the way for future large-scale deployments.

Workplace bullying is a persistent issue despite extensive research, with most studies focusing on targets rather than managerial perspectives. This study explores how New Zealand managers conceptualize workplace bullying, shedding light on cultural and organizational influences. While bullying affects roughly one in 10 New Zealand workers, definitions remain inconsistent, complicating prevention and response efforts. This research investigates whether managers distinguish bullying from other forms of conflict and aggression, and how their views align with regulatory definitions such as those from WorkSafe New Zealand. A randomized Qualtrics panel of 316 managers completed an anonymous online survey, including open-ended questions. Responses were analysed using six-phase thematic analysis, enabling candid reflection and rich insights into bullying behaviours, impacts, and organizational dynamics. The findings highlight the importance of understanding bullying within its communication context and suggest that clearer, less stigmatized definitions may support more effective reporting and intervention by managers.

This article examines the development and transformation of Ukrainian scientific terminology during the early 20th century, particularly under Soviet rule. It traces the roots of terminological efforts in the 19th century, when language planning in Galicia and Ukraine reflected competing imperial influences and nationalist aspirations. The study underscores the nexus of cultural, political and epistemic interests in the shaping of scientific language, noting the transition from vernacular-focused Romantic ideals to the evolving policies of the Soviet korenizatsiia period.

In the 1920s, the Ukrainian Institute for Scientific Language led the effort to standardise terminology, aligning with Soviet policies of Ukrainisation/korenizatsiia. However, by the 1930s, Stalinist policies reversed earlier gains, replacing national vocabularies with Russified terms and persecuting many language policymakers and scholars that the Soviet regime had supported only a few years earlier.