While the late Llandovery brachiopod faunas of South China are well documented, they are known almost exclusively from shallow-water settings. Here, we present a detailed study of a brachiopod fauna from the Ningqiang Formation (early to middle Telychian) at the Bifengguan section in Sichuan Province, South China. Quantitative analyses, including non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and network analysis, reveal three successive brachiopod associations. Significantly, the basal Aegiria–Epitomyonia association was characterized by the abundance of the deep-water indicator Epitomyonia. This represents the first definitive record of a deep-water (BA4) community within the Telychian Xiushan Fauna, which was previously thought to be restricted to shallower environments. This basal association is succeeded by the Aegiria–Megaspinochonetes and Fardenia–Striispirifer associations, and this complete succession indicates a shallowing-upward environmental trend from a BA4 to an upper BA3 setting. We interpret this shallowing trend as a response to regional uplift. The initial existence of this deep-water association was likely facilitated by the unique paleogeographical position of the locality, which likely provided a stable habitat for this deep-water community. This study expands the known ecological range of the Xiushan Fauna and underscores the critical role of local paleogeography in shaping benthic community structures during the early Silurian.

This commentary is part of a series of responses to Michele Goodwin’s 2025 LSA presidential address.

In this editorial, three technological laggards reflect on the potential promises and pitfalls of artificial intelligence in psychiatry, as explored in recent BJPsych publications. We argue that the rapid changes driven by artificial intelligence are revealing underlying vulnerabilities within our profession. More importantly, we believe these shifts pose a fundamental challenge to our specialty: can we, as psychiatrists, evolve beyond mere intelligence to practice with genuine wisdom?

Jabłonowski [‘On biquandle-based invariant of immersed surface-links, Yoshikawa oriented fifth move, and ribbon 2-knots’, Preprint, 2025, arXiv:2505.14724] proved that the knot quandles of Suciu’s n-knots, which share isomorphic knot groups, are mutually nonisomorphic, and Yasuda [‘Knot quandles distinguish Suciu’s ribbon knots’, Preprint, 2025, arXiv:2508.15129] later gave a different proof. We present yet another proof of this result by analysing the conjugacy classes of certain automorphisms of the free group of rank two.

In unstructured environments, Delta robots face challenges in achieving high vision-guided grasping precision due to dynamic lighting conditions and workpiece diversity. This paper designs an integrated solution that combines RGB-D multimodal learning with an enhanced Mask R-CNN framework. Initially, a dual-stream ResNet50-FPN backbone network is designed to achieve cross-modal adaptive alignment via hierarchical feature fusion. Subsequently, a depth-guided attention module is incorporated to bolster robustness against material ambiguity and reflective interference. Moreover, a dynamic depth estimation algorithm is employed to significantly improve target localization accuracy and stability. Finally, real-time trajectory tracking is realized by integrating PD control with Jacobian mapping. Experimental results validate the efficacy of the proposed method, offering an efficient and reliable approach for industrial robotic applications.

The objective of this article is twofold. In the first half of the article, we investigate upper parts of the hyperspace convergences determined by uniform convergence of distance functionals on a bornology under different metrizations of a metrizable space. To do this, a new covering property associated with the underlying bornology is introduced. An independent study of this new covering notion in relation to some well-known notions, such as strong uniform continuity, is also presented. In the second half, we study the infima of hyperspace convergences (induced by distance functionals) determined by a family of (uniformly) equivalent metrics. In particular, we establish the existence of the minimum element for the collection of upper Attouch–Wets convergences corresponding to all equivalent metrics on a metrizable space X. We show that such a minimum element exists if and only if X has a compatible Heine–Borel metric. Our findings give several new insights into the theory of hyperspace convergences.

This paper analyses some connectives introduced by Stephen Read, known as ‘Bullet connectives’. From the proof-theoretic semantics perspective, these connectives satisfy the requirement of harmony; however, they allow for the looping derivation of a contradiction. Namely, when the operation of detour reduction is applied to such a derivation, it leads to a non-terminating phenomenon. By appealing to Prawtiz’s notion of validity, we argue that such connectives cannot be considered as logical ones. Still, it is possible to assign a computational meaning to such connectives, as several useful computation properties are induced by their harmonious behaviour. In particular, we show that a fixed point operator can be defined by using the rules of a generalised version of the Bullet connectives. Such a generalisation is an instance of (non-terminating) recursive types. Finally, we show that type-free (i.e., untyped) lambda-calculus is interpretable in simply typed lambda-calculus extended with yet another variant of the Bullet connectives, and that the introduction rules of the Bullet connectives are interpretable by Nakano’s modality in typed lambda-calculus. We conclude that such a computational interpretation of the Bullet connectives is possible only if we separate the notion of types from that of propositions, which are meaningful and assertible linguistic entities (in fact, it is larger). Therefore, the computational interpretation we propose cannot be considered an instance of the Curry–Howard correspondence between propositions and types, and between proofs and programs.

The aim of the experiment reported in this research paper was to determine the influence of the bovine appeasing substance (BAS) on milk yield, energy metabolism, inflammation, and stress in cows during the transition period. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows (day 28 pre-partum to 21 postpartum) were distributed randomly into two groups: control (n = 12) and BAS (Secure Cattle®; n = 12). Each animal was administered 5 mL of the product on days 28 and 14 pre-partum and on the day of calving. The feed intake was assessed using automated, individual feeders and the milk yield was determined electronically. Six milk samples were obtained from each animal, which were analyzed for chemical composition and somatic cell count. Six blood samples were obtained per animal for future biochemical analyses (free fatty acids, beta hydroxybutyrate, cortisol, myeloperoxidase and paraoxonase 1). The statistical analyses were conducted with the JMP Pro 14 software, with P ≤ 0.05 being considered as statistical significance. BAS-treated cows showed higher milk yield than controls. Dry matter intake (DMI) during the pre- and postpartum periods was greater for the control than treated group. The BAS group exhibited reduced plasma cortisol postpartum. In conclusion, cows treated with BAS showed higher milk yield, lower DMI, and reduced plasma cortisol concentrations than controls.

To reveal the influence laws of casing abradable coating wear on compressor aerodynamic performance, a numerical simulation study was conducted on the performance of Rotor 37 under high-speed scraping conditions with different hardness coating wear morphologies. The results show that compressor isentropic efficiency and outlet mass flow are sensitive to scraping-induced morphology changes. The medium-hardness coating causes the most significant performance degradation, with maximum reductions reaching 1.96% and 1.39%, respectively, while the pressure ratio shows little variation. Scraping grooves aggravate mixing losses between leading-edge (LE) leakage flow and mid-chord (MID) leakage flow. The tip leakage flow pushes suction-side separation vortices toward the main flow path. Under medium-hardness coating scraping conditions, the maximum entropy generation region affects up to 9.1% blade height and induces tip leakage vortex-shockwave interactions, resulting in substantial tip losses. The compressor aerodynamic performance is less affected by wear zone roughness, with the maximum isentropic efficiency reduction being only 0.31%. When wear zone roughness increases, near-wall turbulence fluctuations intensify and separation zones expand, causing flow structure changes in tip leakage paths and blade wake regions, which shifts the compressor aerodynamic characteristics toward lower flow rates. The study demonstrates that coating hardness alters leakage flow structures through wear morphology depth: medium-hardness coatings with the deepest wear grooves exhibit maximum performance deterioration, while high-hardness coatings show better wear resistance and performance maintenance.

The transient response of an ice shelf to an incident wave packet from the open ocean is studied with a model that allows for extensional waves in the ice shelf, in addition to the standard flexural waves. Results are given for strains imposed on the ice shelf by the incident packet, over a range of peak periods in the swell regime and a range of packet widths. In spite of large differences in speeds of the extensional and flexural waves, it is shown that there is generally an interval of time during which they interact, and the coherent phases of the interactions generate the greatest ice shelf strain magnitudes. The findings indicate that incorporating extensional waves into models is potentially important for predicting the response of Antarctic ice shelves to swell, in support of previous findings based on frequency-domain analysis.

This article examines Israeli juvenile courts as sites where poverty is present yet systematically denied as a cause of child neglect. Drawing on focused ethnographic observations, I show how factual reports routinely document material deprivation—housing shortages, lack of food, utilities cutoffs—yet court actors reject poverty as a legitimate explanation for neglect. Instead, they insist that “good parents” should be able to cope with scarcity, thereby displacing structural conditions onto individualized parental failure. I frame this configuration as part of “criministrative law”: an administrative forum that adopts criminal-style rituals of blame and correction while deferring to welfare agencies, leaving families without the protections of either criminal or administrative law. This criministrative denial of poverty produces epistemic marginalization of parents and legitimates punitive interventions. As a normative remedy, I propose adapting the poverty-aware paradigm from social work to law, reframing protection as solidarity rather than surveillance.