How can populist authoritarian incumbents justify remaining in power when the golden age they promised remains unrealized? We argue that audiovisual products such as videos are particularly suited to enlivening the histories that so many populists evoke in seeking to legitimize their rule. Political science’s traditional focus on speech-based legitimation, however, leaves audiovisual tools largely overlooked. The few studies that do engage these tools test for audience effects, but the content itself and the political strategies behind its curation and dissemination remain undertheorized. By adding an audiovisual lens to studies of authoritarian legitimation, we identify a regime durability strategy we term selective revivification. We specify the cognitive and affective characteristics of videos that quickly communicate information-dense, emotionally evocative messages, arguing that they engagingly distill specific historical elements to portray incumbent rule as not just legitimate but also necessary. In advancing our argument, we construct an original dataset of all existing narration-based YouTube videos shared by six regime institutions in Turkey from the establishment of YouTube in 2005 to 2022 (n = 134). We use quantitative analysis to identify when video usage emerges as a strategy, as well as patterns of dissemination and content elements. We then use intertextual analysis to extract common historical themes and production techniques. The audiovisual tools we specify and the selective revivification strategy they enable fill gaps in studies of authoritarian legitimation while adding to political scientists’ toolkits for wider inquiry.

Individuals with childhood experience of out-of-home care (OHC) face elevated risks of criminal behavior and poor mental health compared with the majority population. Evidence on how trajectories of offending and psychiatric disorders covary among individuals with experience of OHC is needed. This study is based on a cohort of 14,608 individuals (n = 1,319 with OHC experience) born in the Stockholm metropolitan area in 1953 (49% women) from birth to age 63 (2016). Group-based multi-trajectory modeling among those with at least one offense or psychiatric disorder (40.5% of the men, 16.6% of the women) identified four co-occurring trajectories for both sexes. Multinomial regression analyses showed that adolescent OHC placement, particularly in institutions and for behavioral reasons, was linked to higher odds of early-adulthood-limited or decreasing offending and psychiatric trajectories. Most individuals recover from offending and psychiatric disorders by retirement, but placed individuals in particular remain at high risk for offending, alongside psychiatric disorders, throughout early adulthood. Early assessment and tailored attention to needs and risk levels is important when designing long-term care services to mitigate this. Research on underlying mechanisms, and on collaboration between the welfare, justice, and psychiatric care systems, can help to design effective intervention strategies and policies.

The various meanings of ‘legitimacy’ – Constitution-making procedure as a tool to achieve the right content of a new constitutional document – The effect of the procedure on the actual social and political context – Trade-offs between the various conceptions of legitimacy – Inherent tensions between transparency and political compromise, and between inclusivity and elite support – Direct democratic involvement aggravating polarisation – When the time is not ripe for constitution-making, recommended substitute strategies – Various procedural options: popular drafting, constituent assemblies, ordinary parliaments, expert bodies, roundtables, referenda – The dangers of (Kelsenian) constitutional revolutions

Over the past decade, several multi-institutional research consortia have formed within the North American pediatric surgical community. In this article, we describe our experience with the creation and implementation of the Eastern Pediatric Surgery Network, a large and comprehensive research consortium designed to produce a wide array of high-quality clinical studies within our subspecialty. In 2020, a vision statement and rules of governance were established at thirteen academic pediatric surgery divisions in the eastern United States. The research consortium was organized based on four major pillars, namely legal ownership of aggregate data, horizontal leadership structure, mandatory participation in adopted studies, and a broad research portfolio that encompasses the full breath of the specialty. Over the past five years, the number of research projects has dramatically expanded over time and includes participation from 24 different medical centers. Despite a lack of dedicated sponsored extramural support for most projects, there have been 28 abstracts presented at national conferences and 12 manuscripts published in peer-reviewed journals. It is our hope that sharing our experience with creating this organization can help to inform others interested in establishing the academic infrastructure to engage in multi-institutional, evidence-based clinical research in other medical specialties and beyond.

Grandiose delusions have received comparatively little attention in the literature and there is limited empirical evidence assessing the efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis (CBTp) for individuals with grandiose beliefs. This case study presents Noah, a 23-year-old referred to our Early Intervention Service with persistent grandiose beliefs alongside other psychotic experiences. Noah received 26 sessions of CBTp. Scores on measures of perseverative thinking, delusional distress and conviction, wellbeing, and daily functioning were completed at baseline, mid-therapy, end of therapy, and at follow-up 12 weeks after the end of therapy. Results demonstrated improvement across all measures, particularly preservative thinking about beliefs. Improvement in all but one outcome was not only sustained but continued to increase at follow-up. This is one of few known reports on using CBTp with an individual with current grandiose delusions.

This study presents the first record of Miyalachnus sorini Kanturski & Lee, 2024 (Aphididae: Lachninae) in South Korea, thereby extending its known distribution beyond Japan and identifying a new host plant, Prunus sargentii (Rosaceae). We describe diagnostic morphological traits across multiple life stages and compare them with those of Japanese populations. Comparative analyses with Japanese populations demonstrated consistent morphological differentiation, notably elevated ratios of the ultimate rostral segment to antennal segments across multiple morphs in the Korean population, indicating potential ecological adaptation. DNA barcoding using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene revealed low intraspecific divergence (average 0.2%) and interspecific divergence (average 10.5%) between Miyalachnus sp. and M. sorini. Haplotype analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between host plants and cryptic genetic diversity. These findings enhance our understanding of the morphological and genetic diversity of M. sorini and underscore the importance of monitoring its spread for informed pest management strategies.

The concept of an omnigenous locally finite group was introduced in [15] as a generalization of Hall’s universal countable locally finite group. In this article we show that the class of all countable omnigenous locally finite groups is Borel complete, hence it has the maximum Borel cardinality of isomorphism types among all countable structures.

This article combines book history and urban history to examine the spread of the print trade and facilities for reading in Scotland by the 1820s, using a Scotland-wide trade directory as its main source. The article demonstrates how support for reading, including printers, bookshops and venues for reading, extended far and wide within the Scottish urban hierarchy – from the largest cities to the smallest towns and villages. Variations between different types of towns are discussed, and local case studies provide further insights. The article provides fresh perspectives on Scottish urbanization, through its snapshot view of Scotland’s towns in the mid-1820s.

This paper presents a new problem for the inference rule commonly known as “inference to the best explanation” (IBE). The problem is that uncertainty about parts of one’s evidence may undermine the inferrability of a hypothesis that would provide the best explanation of that evidence, especially in cases where there is an alternative hypothesis that would provide a better explanation of only the more certain pieces of evidence. A potential solution to the problem is sketched, in which IBE is generalized to handle uncertain evidence by invoking a notion of evidential robustness.

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has revolutionized diabetes management by providing real-time data on blood glucose fluctuations. Unlike traditional methods, CGM systems offer continuous feedback, enabling individuals to better regulate glucose levels in response to lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and stress. This technology has been shown to improve glycemic control and stabilize HbA1c levels. Beyond its primary role in diabetes management, emerging research highlights the relationship between metabolic health and mental wellbeing. Glucose dysregulation has been implicated in mood instability, and fluctuations in blood glucose levels may directly influence emotional states. Notably, some researchers have proposed reclassifying major depressive disorder (MDD) as “Metabolic Syndrome Type II” due to shared pathophysiological mechanisms involving glucose homeostasis and inflammation. Given these connections, CGM technology may offer mental health benefits by promoting glucose stability. For individuals with diabetes who also experience psychiatric conditions such as MDD or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), CGM use may contribute to improved mood regulation and reduced psychiatric symptoms. By addressing both metabolic and mental health concerns, CGM holds promise as a valuable tool in enhancing overall wellbeing. Further research is warranted to explore the full potential of CGM in supporting mental health outcomes in individuals with metabolic disorders.

In recent scholarship on the Ottoman Mediterranean, it has become commonplace to challenge narratives of heroic discovery and cultural superiority expounded in publications by European travellers. Rather than taking a polished, published account as its starting point, this paper discusses the travels of Edward Falkener (1814–96), a lesser-known Victorian architect and writer whose extensive tour around Anatolia (1844–5) was never communicated to a broader audience. If Falkener is remembered today, it is usually as the author of the first anglophone monograph on ancient Ephesus and editor of the first British academic journal devoted to classical art and architecture. This paper reviews Falkener’s career, but instead of these publications, the focus is on his remarkable personal archive of diaries, sketchbooks, watercolours, contracts and notes for an incomplete book about his tour of Anatolia. Drawing on this collection, it explores his fluctuating interests in heritage from different periods of Anatolia’s history and well-documented interactions with a variety of local actors who helped or hindered his meandering tour. Representing the first attempt to study Falkener’s journey, this paper explores the utility of his archive for understanding the challenges and contingencies of Victorian travel in the Ottoman Empire.

Public service internships are a staple in contemporary political science curricula. Research shows that internships produce better thinkers, employees, and citizens. Yet, political science interns are on the frontlines in observing the firsthand trauma, stress, and mental health challenges of many people seeking support and services from government. In turn, students may internalize this stress and trauma, a phenomenon recognized as secondary traumatic stress (STS). This study addresses a significant gap in the discipline’s understanding of the frequency and severity of STS experienced by political science interns in their fieldwork. We relied on surveys and written assessments from students enrolled in internship courses at two public universities. We find that interns report increased exposure to STS at the end of the semester. Furthermore, STS vulnerability varies among interns, with higher incidence rates among those with a history of primary trauma, older students, and women. We outline coping strategies for students, propose adaptations to experiential learning to enhance support, and emphasize the need for further research on this issue.