Early Miocene land mammals from eastern North America are exceedingly rare. Over the past several decades a small, but significant, vertebrate fauna has been recovered by paleontologists and citizen scientists from the Belgrade Formation at the Martin Marietta Belgrade Quarry in eastern North Carolina. This assemblage has 12 land mammal taxa, including beaver (Castoridae), stem lagomorph, carnivorans (Mustelidae, Ailuridae), horses (Equidae), rhinoceros (Rhinocerotidae), tapir (Tapiridae), peccary (Tayassuidae), anthracothere (Anthracotheriidae), entelodont (Entelodontidae), and protoceratid (Protoceratidae). Taken together, the biochronology of this Maysville Local Fauna indicates a late Arikareean (Ar3/Ar4) to early Hemingfordian (He1) North American Land Mammal Age (NALMA). This interval, which includes the Runningwater Chronofauna, documents numerous important Holarctic immigrants, including Amphictis, Craterogale, and cf. Menoceras found at this locality. Strontium isotope stratigraphy (SIS) of shark teeth collected in situ from the Belgrade Formation yield an age of 21.4 ± 0.13 Ma, which validates the age of interbedded land mammals within this unit. It also is consistent with the late Arikareean (Ar3/Ar4) biochronology and Aquitanian Neogene marine stage. New SIS analyses of oysters (Striostrea gigantissima) and clams (Chione) from this mine, previously assigned to late Oligocene or Late Miocene, are significantly older (28.0 ± 0.22 Ma and 27.6 ± 0.26 Ma, respectively) than the land mammals. Depending upon stratigraphic interpretations, these may confirm an older marine facies within the Belgrade Formation. This locality is important because of its marine and terrestrial tie-ins that facilitate intercalibration of both NALMAs and Cenozoic marine stages.

In the first part of the paper, we prove a mirror symmetry isomorphism between integral tropical homology groups of a pair of mirror tropical Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces. We then apply this isomorphism to prove that a primitive patchworking of a central triangulation of a reflexive polytope gives a connected real Calabi-Yau hypersurface if and only if the corresponding divisor class on the mirror is not zero.

As we enter the era of longevity economics, the desire for longer life spans and health spans is increasingly prevalent. Recognizing the importance of longevity planning (LP) has become particularly significant, as individuals seek to enhance lifespan quality starting at younger ages. This article explores how 12 LP blocks (LPBs) can serve as boundary objects (BOs) to facilitate conversations and identify user needs in LP services. Using constructivist grounded theory, this research analyzes data from 69 in-person experiments at MIT AgeLab, across adulthood (25–54 years), preretirement (55–64 years) and postretirement (65–74 years). Through a qualitative data analysis supported by a comparison of surveys, the authors identified and clustered 51 initial codes, 15 focused codes, 5 axial codes and 1 thematic code. This led to the development of four personas, each corresponding to one of the four types of BOs defined by Star in 1989: repositories, ideal types, terrains with coincident boundaries and forms and labels. The findings highlight the value and challenges of using LPBs as BOs to enhance LP service, ultimately contributing to design for longevity (D4L). This qualitative research aims to facilitate sensitive conversations and foster comprehension of D4L, positioning LPBs as components in creating LP services.

Marseille is a city that has long been sensationalistically associated in the public imagination with crime and drug dealing. This article begins by tracing the history of drug dealing and gang violence in the city, from its 19th century origins to the rise of what has been called the “French Connection” in the 1960s and 1970s, when Marseille played a central role in the global heroin trade. The city’s criminality subsequently became more local in scope in the 1980s and 1990s, and the second part of the article draws on recent research carried out in the Marseille cité of Félix-Pyat, a poor neighbourhood widely associated with gang violence and drug dealing, to explore the consequences of the changing nature of crime in the city for process of “criminal governance”. When considered historically and in relation to our previous research on gangs in Nicaragua and South Africa, we suggest that it might be appropriate to talk about there being “varieties” of criminal governance that come together as “assemblages” than can be constituted in fundamentally different ways.

The decline in fed cattle cash sales and its impact on price discovery are concerning. This study extends existing literature by utilizing machine learning to explore factors, particularly decision trees and random forests, to explore factors influencing fed cattle price ranges, complementing traditional regression analyses. These models uncover hidden patterns and provide additional insights into the cattle market. Key variables such as weight range, head count, and trade location, are found to be associated with price ranges. Notably, the weight range emerges as the primary variable influencing the price range, with smaller weight ranges linked to lower price ranges.

Databases of baby names are commonly available and have often been used to assess people’s reactions to events such as wars or diplomatic crises. Changes in the frequency of several candidate names are usually investigated around the event of interest. This approach misses key information simply because not all information-carrying names have been thought about. More fundamentally, whether exogenous shocks can significantly alter population-level naming preferences remains elusive. We present here a method to systematically study variations in name popularity during an event of interest and quantify its “total” effect on naming patterns. Using a nationwide database of first name frequencies since 1900, we apply the method to France during the First World War. We find several dozen first names the popularity of which was modified by the War. While we find macro-level traces of individual-level phenomena, in particular increased naming for kin, specific first names also provide key insights into the civilian population’s changing attitude – e.g., widespread pessimism in 1917. Using an individual-level database of ∼9.5 million individuals enables us to track such changes in morale month after month. The aggregate effect of the war on naming patterns was maximal and large early in the conflict, then gradually declined: the return of naming preferences to their prewar state illustrates and quantifies how the “banality of war” installed.

The association between low household income and adolescent mental health causes continuing concern. We examined the relation between household income and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems, and explored individual, parental, and neighborhood characteristics. The sample included 872 Dutch adolescents (Mage = 14.93 years) oversampled on risk of psychopathology. Low income was defined as parent-reported net monthly household income below the 20th percentile (<€2000). Internalizing and externalizing problems were examined using the Youth Self-Report and Child Behavior Checklist. Covariates included sex, age, ethnic background, IQ, perceived social support, adverse life events, physical health, parental psychopathology, parental IQ, parent-child interaction, neighborhood unemployment rate, and neighborhood violence. Low household income was associated with more internalizing and externalizing problems. These associations were explained by more physical health concerns, increased parental psychopathology, more parent-child interaction problems, more adverse life events, lower perceived social support, and lower adolescent IQ. For all, except for mother-child interaction, a mediating role was suggested. This indicates a complex interplay between household income, individual, social, and parental factors affecting adolescent mental health. This study accentuates the necessity for a comprehensive, multi-faceted approach to address the negative effects of poverty on adolescent mental health, targeting these influences for preventive measures.

This article examines the relationship between primary care (PC) settings and the uptake of COVID-19 and influenza vaccines in 29 European countries. Using multiple linear regression, the study evaluates whether PC settings influence vaccine uptake (VU) for these two vaccines. Based on secondary data, the study shows that people behave differently in the context of COVID-19 and influenza vaccination. Our findings suggest that health systems relied less on PC during the pandemic, not fully using its potential for COVID-19 vaccination. Even if the bivariate correlations highlight the importance of PC, the regression analysis did not verify a direct relation between PC strength and the COVID-19 VU. In contrast, for influenza vaccination, PC strength was the only significant variable. The core research message is that systematic comparative evidence regarding the relation between PC and VU is needed. Based on the belief that appropriate PC setting and adequate general practitioners (GP) involvement in vaccination could contribute to higher VU, the main policy implication of the research is that more attention needs to be paid to PC setting and the role of GPs in vaccination policy.

This article examines why the late-industrializing Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden over the long nineteenth century developed civil societies and political parties with an ability to compromise. Based on comparisons with contemporary Prussia and within-case evidence, it traces the explanation to Scandinavia’s impartial state administrations, forged before the French Revolution and the era of modern mass politics and democracy. This emphasizes the importance of a penetrative bureaucracy in forging auspicious state-society relations and downplays the separate impact of peaceful agrarian reforms for Scandinavia’s stable democratization.

When do citizens vote against autocratizing incumbents? A growing body of literature addresses this question, yielding mixed results. I argue that an important component is how visible autocratization is to the average citizen. I conceptualize “visibility of autocratization” and posit that it is essential for understanding when citizens vote out incumbents attempting to entrench their power. I test the relationship between visible autocratization and incumbent re-election in the universe of competitive African elections since 1990. I show that voters punish autocratizing incumbents by voting them out, but they only do so when autocratization is visible. Additional analysis of Afrobarometer data in four countries experiencing autocratization shows that citizens’ perception of autocratization is systematically related to preference for opposition candidates, even after controlling for partisanship and economic performance, and irrespective of levels of partisan animosity. This study contributes both theoretically and empirically to understandings of political behavior under autocratization.

The consistency of the theory $\mathsf {ZF} + \mathsf {AD}_{\mathbb {R}} + {}$‘every set of reals is universally Baire’ is proved relative to $\mathsf {ZFC} + {}$‘there is a cardinal that is a limit of Woodin cardinals and of strong cardinals’. The proof is based on the derived model construction, which was used by Woodin to show that the theory $\mathsf {ZF} + \mathsf {AD}_{\mathbb {R}} + {}$‘every set of reals is Suslin’ is consistent relative to $\mathsf {ZFC} + {}$‘there is a cardinal $\lambda $ that is a limit of Woodin cardinals and of $\mathord {<}\lambda $-strong cardinals’. The $\Sigma ^2_1$ reflection property of our model is proved using genericity iterations as in Neeman [18] and Steel [22].

Over the interval 2008–2023 a large number of studies have been published testing various aspects of punctuated equilibria, including the prevalence of stasis, and also the extent to which most evolutionary change is concentrated at cladogenesis. In the vast majority of studies, punctuated equilibria continued to be strongly validated, as widespread evidence for stasis accumulated, with only some rare incidences of gradual change found. Support for the importance of cladogenetic change has increased, and new analytical approaches to study punctuated equilibria have been developed. Over this time period, there has also been an increase in the number of studies that have concentrated on extant taxa to test for punctuated equilibria, and these have also corroborated its widespread presence. In this respect, punctuated equilibria has served as an important bridge between neontological and paleontological approaches to evolutionary biology. From 2008 to 2023, there has also been some drift in how stasis is defined, such that, in certain studies, the definition diverged from the original 1972 definition in important respects. Notably, it is the few studies that have most changed the definition of what stasis constitutes that have most challenged the validity of punctuated equilibria, indicating it is morphing interpretations and definitions rather than the discovery of data compatible with phyletic gradualism that are most responsible for divergent results.