This study explores how preservice social studies teachers conceive ecological citizenship and evaluates a curriculum-embedded ecological citizenship model intended to cultivate environmentally responsible citizens. Employing a grounded theory approach, data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis, with concurrent coding and comparative analysis guiding model development. Participants articulated ecological consciousness as the core category, supported by related themes of a liveable world, a beacon of hope, future generations’ welfare and holistic perspectives on nature. The resultant model identifies families and schools as joint stewards of ecological citizenship, beginning with foundational environmental education at home and extending into targeted social studies activities. The refined ecological citizenship model elucidates how its components – rights, justice, responsibility and participation – progressively foster environmental action and tangible improvements. The study concludes with recommendations for embedding ecological citizenship within teacher education and, school curricula, offering guidance on assessment strategies such as reflective journals and pre–post evaluations to monitor both behavioural and ecological outcomes. This concise framework provides conceptual clarity and actionable guidance for educators and curriculum designers.

It is a pleasure to introduce this roundtable‚ based on papers from the International Conference of Three Societies on Literature and Science held at the University of Birmingham in 2024 under the auspices of “Health Humanities,” a variant term for Medical Humanities.1 It is a century since “Medical” and “Humanities” first came together in this singular expression that initially referred to scholarly work spanning the borderlands between medicine, medical history, literature, art, and philosophy.2

War was an important, and underappreciated, force circulating global goods into and around early modern Britain. Capture at sea brought millions of pounds of merchandise into the British Isles, offering new groups of consumers new ways of participating in the expanding world of things. By tracing the presence in early modern Britain of paintings from colonial Spanish America, we better appreciate the economic, social, and cultural significance of maritime predation. We also identify new sources to explore the early modern world of goods, from the Admiralty records that document these captures, to literary celebrations of patriotic sea-dogs seizing Spanish treasure galleons, and family legends attributing a pirate provenance to Spanish American artworks. We should, in short, pay more attention to the role of war and violence in setting early modern goods in motion.

Few frameworks are currently available to assess the flows of ecosystem services (ESs) and disservices (EDSs) from and into livestock farming systems (LFSs). We estimated these flows using the Barn, a graphical tool designed to represent the integration of LFS into their surrounding landscapes. This tool uses bi-directional arrows to depict flows of multiple types of ES and EDS. Based on five contrasting lamb meat systems, we estimated that the flows of ES that support lamb meat production, such as the provision of forage and nitrogen fixation, were often associated with EDS, such as wolf predation or rodent outbreaks. These EDSs were particularly detrimental for the LFS that depended more on ES than on external inputs. We also observed that few operational indicators exist for quantifying EDS. The results show that deriving benefits from ecosystems implies interacting closely with the environment, which can generate disadvantages. This result also reveals a trade-off between ES and EDS, which has received little attention so far. This highlights the need to better assess and mitigate EDS, to prevent them from hindering the transition toward more sustainable practices that aim to reduce external inputs.

Since 2021, the Armenian Red Cross Society (ARCS) and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) have been jointly implementing a community-based mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) programme. The intervention targets border communities and people from Karabakh affected by the 2020 Karabakh conflict and subsequent escalations. Implemented collaboratively by partners of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, the programme reflects a locally grounded and cooperative approach. At the time of writing, the ICRC and ARCS have reached more than 6,000 individuals in more than 100 communities through the programme.

The present study aims to explore how this comprehensive, community-based MHPSS intervention contributes to strengthening the resilience of individuals in the aftermath of the conflict and within a context of recurrent violence. A representative sample of 341 participants was selected from a total of 3,000 adult men and women who took part in the MHPSS group sessions during 2024 and 2025, and a fully quantitative approach was applied to assess participants’ levels of resilience, quality of life and perceived changes following their participation in the MHPSS programme. Outcomes from these three scales, along with analysis of correlations, helped address the question of the effectiveness of the intervention in building resilience. The results suggest that the programme’s community-based MHPSS approach may contribute to strengthening resilience and may represent an effective model that could be adapted to other contexts facing conflict and ongoing violence.

This Research Paper tested the hypothesis that the dietary inclusion of a fermentation product of Aspergillus niger (ANP), alone, or in combination with a mannan-rich fraction (MRF) derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall, would enhance dairy calf performance and rumen variables. Thirty Holstein–Friesian bull calves (age 19 ± 5 days) were obtained from a single farm and randomly assigned according to days of age to one of three dietary treatment groups and one of two cull dates, experimental day 27 (immediately prior to weaning) or experimental day 70. Dietary treatment groups were: CTRL, no treatment; ANP, 3 g/day ANP; MRF, 3 g/day ANP and 2 g/day MRF. Calves were housed and fed individually and had ad libitum access to starter concentrates, water, and straw. Throughout the trial, ANP calves consumed a greater quantity of solid starter feed than CTRL and MRF calves. Body weight, average daily gain, apparent total tract dry matter digestibility and faecal scores were unaffected by treatment. Calves fed ANP and MRF had improved feed conversion efficiency compared with CTRL in some weeks, but this was not consistent throughout the pre-weaned and weaned periods. Calves fed MRF had a decreased acetate to propionate ratio compared with CTRL pre-weaning, and ANP had a lower acetate to propionate ratio and higher propionate proportion of total VFA compared with CTRL post-weaning. At both culling timepoints, ANP and MRF had thicker stratum basale, stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum in their rumen papillae compared with CTRL. The inclusion of ANP and ANP + MRF could favourably alter rumen fermentation and increase the metabolic and absorptive capacity of papillae in transition stage dairy calves but no consistent effects of treatment on calf growth or feed efficiency were observed in this trial.

A newcomer to Madrid, I currently teach Latin American history and literature to undergraduates from my university spending their academic year abroad. Even as the Trump administration deports undocumented and legal residents from Latin America in record numbers, Spain is witnessing a surge of arrivals from the region. In stark contrast to the United States, the Sánchez government has made Spain an alternative destination for migrants from Latin America and other regions. The Trump administration recently abducted and extradited the president of Venezuela, threatened to annex Greenland, cut off oil and energy supplies to Cuba and launched an unprovoked war against Iran. While I lie in bed awake at night thinking about these alarming developments from a city replete with nostalgic reminders of the Spanish empire, I struggle to reconcile Madrid’s imperial past with its multicultural present. What can the twilight of past empires and dictatorships teach us about their present juncture and future direction? How do their monuments at once reveal and conceal their violent histories? What can the struggles against empire and fascism of previous centuries teach us about their re-emergence in new forms today?

Pragmatist philosophers of science often adjudicate realism debates by (1) deploying a unified ontological principle—that is, a unified rule for making ontological assertions—to all domains of empirical inquiry, and (2) comparing the ontological assertions made by realists and antirealists to the unified principle. By considering modeling practices in evolutionary biology, I motivate an alternative approach. Pragmatists should localize ontological principles to particular ontological questions in particular domains of empirical inquiry and adjudicate between various realisms and antirealisms in a radically piecemeal fashion.

In 1997, Malcolm Jewell published a review of state legislative research stating that there were great “difficulties and possibilities of doing comparative work.” Much of this difficulty lies with data and accessibility. As such, many of the foundational works in state politics, and particularly in U.S. legislatures, were rooted in single-state or small sample studies. In the 25 years since State Politics & Policy Quarterly started publication, comparative studies have become more common, allowing for better tests of “laboratories of democracy.” In this review essay, we document the extent to which state legislative studies have moved beyond single-state studies to larger comparative examinations. We outline the significant developments in the literature and highlight much of the notable research that has increased our understanding of state legislatures.

Suppose an epistemic agent has multiple strategies available. One maximizes their expected accuracy, while another sacrifices their own expected accuracy to maximize the expected accuracy of the epistemic group. Call the latter strategy “altruistic.” The importance of epistemically altruistic agents has been highlighted in many areas of formal social epistemology. But how do some agents come to be epistemically altruistic? In this paper, I demonstrate, using a self-assembling model with simple multi-agent reinforcement learning, how a group of agents can learn to be epistemically altruistic. Counterintuitively, competitive incentives at the individual level lead to cooperative choices at the group level.

Climate change-induced disasters continue to disproportionately affect low, middle and upper-middle income countries (LMICs), often leaving survivors at risk of serious mental health challenges. Yet, mental health interventions in these settings remain limited and poorly integrated into health systems. This study explores the types and levels of existing mental health interventions for individuals affected by climate-induced disasters, using the Inter-Agency Standing Committee’s framework on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines across six databases, yielding 14 studies for final analysis. Key data on study design, disaster type, mental health conditions, intervention types and service providers were extracted and mapped against the Inter-Agency Standing Committee framework. While interventions were identified across all four layers of support, most were concentrated at the individual level, focusing on non-specialised services delivered by trained non-specialist providers (e.g., community health workers or lay counsellors) and specialised services provided by licenced clinical professionals, with limited emphasis on community-based or systems-level approaches. Results indicate such a significant gap, about 79% of the studies focused on the individual level, in mental health interventions in LMICs. It is therefore crucial to address these gaps to ensure comprehensive mental health care is available in disaster-prone countries.

The music of Paolo Papini (d. 1603) has gone almost unnoticed in spite of the existence of over forty liturgical pieces by him, located primarily in five large manuscript choirbooks with a provenance from the Ospedale di Santo Spirito in Sassia, Rome. These choirbooks are otherwise known for their manuscript copies of music by Palestrina. This article examines the sources, provides new biographical information about Papini, and evaluates the function of his music within the Ospedale. It argues that, together with documentary evidence such as inventories and financial records from Santo Spirito, Papini’s music throws new light on our understanding of the reform of liturgical music in the decades following the final session of the Council of Trent in 1563.

In this paper, we prove that for a dense set of irrational frequencies with positive Hausdorff dimension, the Hausdorff (and upper box) dimension of the spectrum of the critical almost Mathieu operator is positive, yet can be made arbitrarily small. As a consequence, we investigate the spectrum of a class of multidimensional quasi-periodic Schrödinger operators that exhibit a Cantor spectrum, which answers a question posed by Damanik, Fillman, and Gorodetski [24].

Scoping reviews are increasingly used for evidence synthesis, yet a comprehensive overview of benchmarks for their conduct is lacking. This study aimed to extract and analyze key metrics of preregistered scoping reviews to aid researchers in planning, resource allocation, methodological rigor, and innovation. We examined 2,038 scoping review protocol registrations on the Open Science Framework between April and August 2024, identifying 891 corresponding publications. Extracted variables included review type (e.g., rapid scoping review), information about the number of studies in the screening process, methodological practices, and funding. Using Stata, we calculated process metrics such as review duration, yield rate, and team composition. Qualitative analysis was applied to further metrics, including aims and eligibility criteria frameworks. Among the 891 publications, 91.47% were published as scoping reviews. On average, reviews involved 6.11 authors and took 80.41 weeks from registration to publication, with rapid scoping reviews completed in 55.63 weeks. Most publications (80.13%) originated from high-income countries, where funding was more common. An average of 5.19 databases were searched, identifying a mean of 6,920.66 potential inclusions, with 92.64 studies ultimately included (yield rate: 5.68%). Endnote was the most frequently employed screening tool. Language restrictions were reported in 37.60% of cases, and 75.42% did not conduct or report critical appraisal. This study provides valuable insights into common practices within scoping review processes, offering researchers a foundation to allocate resources more efficiently and enhance research quality through methodological benchmarks. It underscores the need for greater transparency and improved methodological rigor.