Sauropodomorphs were the largest terrestrial animals to have ever existed on Earth.

While previous studies using skeletal remains and digital 3D models suggested that manus became more circular shape and relatively larger over time, this study uses trackways to test these hypotheses with a much larger sample size. In this study, we used the sauropodomorph trackway record from the Early Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous to analyze temporal changes in manus and pes shapes and their relationship with body size. We analyzed footprint measurements from 690 trackways and, for the first time, applied elliptic Fourier descriptors (EFDs) to sauropodomorph footprint outlines to quantitatively assess their morphology. Analyses revealed temporal and size-related changes in manus morphology, whereas no changes were observed in pedes. Specifically, manus shape became anteroposteriorly longer over time and in larger individuals. The relative manus area compared with pes area (the heteropody) also increased chronologically; however, manus areas showed negative allometry relative to pes areas. These results indicate that the temporal change toward circular or horseshoe-shaped manus morphology in sauropodomorphs represents an adaptation to gigantism, while the chronological increase in manus size relative to the pes reflects the radiation of a clade (Titanosauria) with proportionally large manus.

Three new species of small (~25–200 g) tribosphenic marsupials, including a new genus, are described from the Early Miocene deposits of the Riversleigh World Heritage Area. Phantasmodon travouilloni, Phantasmodon minuferox, and Keeunidae gen. and sp. indet. share dental apomorphies with the late Oligocene marsupials Keeuna woodburnei and Ankotarinja tirarensis (currently Australidelphia incertae sedis), and with Australia’s oldest and most plesiomorphic marsupial, the early Eocene Djarthia murgonensis. Parsimony analyses recover these taxa as a distinct clade, warranting recognition of a new marsupial order, Keeunamorphia. In contrast, Bayesian analyses do not support the inclusion of D. murgonensis in this group, instead placing it as a stem australidelphian or stem marsupial. When early Eocene South American and European metatherians are excluded, Keeunamorphia new order appears to be the most basal (parsimony analysis) or one of the most basal (Bayesian analysis) lineages of Australidelphia. However, when these taxa are included in parsimony analysis, Keeunamorphia weakly links to South American sternbergiids and European herpetotheriids, whereas Bayesian analysis suggests keeunamorphians (excluding D. murgonensis) are more closely related to dasyuromorphians than to peramelemorphians, microbiotherians, D. murgonensis, and non-australidelphian metatherians. Keeunamorphia n. ord. may represent some of Australia’s earliest marsupials, with possible origins in Gondwana and a record spanning more than 35 million years before its apparent extinction in the Middle Miocene.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/a2699457-5b2c-4f0c-b8b6-dd41401c3a17

This article explores patterns of agreement and word order in the Central Algonquian language Border Lakes Ojibwe. This variety of Ojibwe shows alternations between VOS and VSO word orders and complex interactions between probes on Voice, Infl, and C. I show that the behaviour of lower probes feeds and bleeds the possible agreement and movement relations on each subsequent probe. These complex interactions culminate with the peripheral agreement marker on C, which shows a curious pattern that I dub reverse omnivority, where the probe agrees with lower ranked arguments over higher ranked arguments regardless of whether it is a logical subject or object. The core theoretical innovation is an extension of the syntactic operation agree to encode a relativized EPP, which captures variation and restrictions on movement and the possibility of movement and feature copying being independent. The account provides a strong case for Ojibwe as a configurational language, and is shown to capture variation in agreement and word order in various corners of Ojibwe and beyond.

Marc Bloch devient historien à l’époque où se constituent les sciences sociales. On s’intéresse ici à ses années de formation et aux influences intellectuelles – Karl Marx, Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges, Émile Durkheim – qui ont façonné son imaginaire sociologique (marqué par les débats des années 1860-1910) et une pratique de l’histoire orientée par la quête de la « structure sociale ». Le médiéviste paraît l’inventeur de cette notion qui prend une place croissante dans sa recherche et lui permet d’explorer à la fois les relations entre les phénomènes sociaux et l’articulation entre réalités matérielles et système de représentations. Marc Bloch tente ainsi d’élaborer une approche « structurale » ou « structurelle » de la société féodale, qui semble dialoguer davantage avec les réflexions de Marcel Mauss et de Maurice Halbwachs qu’avec celles de Lucien Febvre. Pourtant, ce moment structural de l’historiographie française fut largement relégué dans l’ombre après la mort tragique de l’historien.

In a non-generative approach to artificial intelligence in an artistic practice, this work looks at mapping processing data from artificial neural networks (NNs) onto sound and visuals. One aim of this practice-based piece of research is to paradoxically offer insights into how these ubiquitous, yet notoriously opaque algorithms operate, by exposing the audience to the intrinsic unintelligibility of their processes. The other is to use these vast amounts of abstract data as a creative starting point for audiovisual artworks, referring to aesthetic traditions that have emerged from the need to make use and potentially make sense of such extensive masses of information, and from ones that have developed sounds that have gradually become associated with digital and post-digital worlds and other exterior and abstract concepts. At the heart of the whole work is a link and cross-fertilisation between the use of sounds and visuals aesthetically associated with errors and digital malfunction and the use of actual ‘waste’ data (from NN training), which acts as a trace of their operation.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major public health problem. Although maternal PPD has received more attention, less is known about paternal PPD and how parents’ depressive symptoms influence one another over time. The present study investigated longitudinal patterns of maternal and paternal depressive symptoms during the first 18 months postpartum using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model in 119 mothers (Mage = 31.15, 89% White, 93% non-Hispanic, 91% married) and fathers (Mage = 32.74), while also considering the role of maternal prenatal depression and maternal childhood neglect. Results indicated strong autoregressive stability for maternal depressive symptoms across all time points (β = 0.24–0.61), whereas paternal symptoms showed less consistency, with stability emerging later. Our results revealed a bidirectional effect, where maternal symptoms at 1 month (β = 0.35) predicted paternal symptoms at 6 months (β = 0.26), which in turn predicted maternal symptoms at 12 months (β = 0.28). Additionally maternal emotional (β = 0.33) and physical neglect (β = 0.18) were associated with higher maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy, and emotional neglect (β = 0.35), uniquely predicted higher maternal depressive symptoms at 1 month postpartum. These findings highlight the interconnected nature of parental depressive symptoms and the lasting impact of maternal neglect on early postpartum mental health.

Bridging the spatiotemporal scales of magnetic seed field generation and subsequent dynamo amplification in the weakly collisional intracluster medium presents an extreme numerical challenge. We perform collisionless turbulence simulations with initially unmagnetised electrons that capture both magnetic seed generation via the electron Weibel instability and the ensuing dynamo amplification. Going beyond existing pair-plasma studies, we use an ion-to-electron mass ratio of $100$ for which we find electron and ion dynamics are sufficiently decoupled. These simulations are enabled by the 10-moment collisionless fluid solver of Gkeyll, which evolves the full pressure tensor for all species. The electron heat-flux closure regulates pressure isotropisation and effectively sets the magnetic Reynolds number. We investigate how the strength of the closure influences the transition between a regime reminiscent of previous kinetic pair-plasma simulations and a regime exhibiting dynamo behaviour qualitatively similar to magnetohydrodynamics.

This study investigated the effects of contextual diversity (CD) on second language incidental vocabulary learning. A total of 124 Japanese learners of English were allocated to a control group or 2 experimental groups, either a high contextual diversity (HCD) or a low contextual diversity (LCD) group. Participants in the HCD group encountered target words across three different texts that varied in genre and topic, while those in the LCD group read three different texts that shared the same genre and topic. Meaning recall and recognition tests were conducted at pretest, immediate posttest, and delayed posttest. Results showed that HCD outperformed LCD on meaning recognition at the delayed posttest. Moreover, learners with greater prior vocabulary knowledge tended to benefit more from contextually varied input, whereas such input may have adverse effects on learners with lower lexical proficiency. This study offers insights into the role of CD in incidental vocabulary acquisition and provides pedagogical implications for optimally incorporating input variability into L2 vocabulary instruction.

We show that the existence of non-zero tropical forms of degree at least two implies that the tropical Chow group of points of an integral affine manifold is infinite-dimensional. This can be seen as a tropical analogue of classical results of Mumford and Roitman for Chow groups of smooth (complex) projective algebraic varieties. We also show that the existence of tropical 1-forms on integral affine surfaces does not imply infinite dimensionality by considering the case of a tropical Klein bottle.