To reduce the burden of depression, it is important to ensure that adolescents have access to effective, early interventions. Limited research has explored psychological practitioners’ views during the development of such interventions, despite the potential for this to improve implementation. A brief, imagery-based intervention (IMAGINE) has been co-developed to address issues in treatment provision for symptoms of depression in adolescents. Here, we investigate psychological practitioners’ and supervisors’ views about factors that may act as barriers and enablers to implementing IMAGINE. We used a qualitative interview study with (1) qualified low-intensity practitioners with experience of working in schools, and (2) clinical supervisors to these practitioners, working in England. Reflexive thematic analysis was initially inductive followed by a deductive mapping to normalisation process theory, a theory of how interventions become implemented and embedded in practice. Twenty-four participants (14 low-intensity practitioners and 10 supervisors) were interviewed. Six themes were identified: (1) ‘We could be doing more for young people with low mood’, (2) ‘IMAGINE stands out while feeling familiar’, (3) ‘Which young people is IMAGINE for?’, (4) ‘Pushing the depth of low-intensity practice’, (5) ‘Getting everyone on board’, and (6) ‘A good fit for services, more or less’. The findings show enthusiasm for new interventions to address adolescent depression, with low-intensity practitioners eager to enhance their clinical skills. This was balanced with concerns about the demand for low mood interventions and whether some components of IMAGINE fit within low-intensity practice. These insights suggest barriers and enablers for developing psychological interventions.

Key learning aims

1. (1) To identify implementation and contextual factors that may act as barriers and enablers to implementing imagery-based depression interventions in schools.

2. (2) To explore how an imagery-based psychological intervention for depression in adolescence is perceived from the perspective of psychological practitioners working in schools and their supervisors.

3. (3) To inform future research in the development of imagery- and school-based interventions for adolescent depression.

During World War II, the Brazilian Expeditionary Force (BrazEF) reinstated religious assistance after decades of military secularization. This article examines the role of these chaplains in providing emotional and spiritual support to soldiers on the Italian front. Drawing on archival records, chaplain reports and personal testimonies, it explores how faith influenced troop morale and psychological resilience. While inspired by global chaplaincy models, Brazil’s case was distinctive: religion, long absent from military life, became central once again. Despite their rushed training and the logistical challenges they experienced, chaplains became indispensable figures. Their experiences not only reshaped the BrazEF’s wartime dynamics, but also influenced the permanent re-establishment of military religious assistance in 1946.

This article examines the rise and global influence of sericulture experimental stations from 1869 to 1900, framing them as an international ‘World Wide Silk Web’. Focusing on the Padua sericulture station as a case study, the essay traces how these stations initially emerged in response to the pébrine epizootic that devastated silk production across Europe and Asia. It argues that the adoption and diffusion of Louis Pasteur’s preventive method against pébrine owed less to individual scientific discovery than to the collective work of these stations. Sericulture stations became hubs of techno-entomological knowledge, by blending traditional practices with new methods, creating knowledge commodities, and disseminating technical knowledge. Operating at the intersection of national interests and international collaboration, stations exchanged expertise, materials, knowledge and innovations while supporting local silk industries. In contrast to models of knowledge movements that focus on imperial extraction, this article highlights the asymmetrical yet polycentric nature of this network, shaped by economic partnerships, scientific authority, geopolitical aims and international contexts.

This article explores how the Psalms were used by US service members, chaplains and churches during the Iraq War (2003–11). Drawing on interviews with veterans, memoirs, sermons, and other digital media, it analyses how the Psalms functioned during the conflicts categorizing them in four ways: 1) as talismanic objects; 2) as apotropaic prayers; 3) as triumphant language which could be appropriated; and 4) as producing dialectic doubt when reflecting on the horrors of war and the effect of moral injury. Noting a conspicuous absence of psalms with high theological utility (such as lament and imprecatory psalms), I suggest that the wartime utilization of these psalms reveals the unseen influence of Christian publishers and non-profit organizations, which have profoundly shaped the theological imagination of the US armed forces. These wartime examples contribute to a better understanding of the close, reciprocal relationship between the church and the military.

The nodes of the ‘geometric trinity’ are: (i) general relativity (in which gravitational effects are a manifestation of spacetime curvature), (ii) the ‘teleparallel equivalent’ of general relativity (which trades spacetime curvature for torsion), and (iii) the ‘symmetric teleparallel equivalent’ of general relativity (which trades spacetime curvature for non-metricity). One popular reformulation of (iii) is ‘coincident general relativity’, but this theory has yet to receive any philosophical attention. This article aims both to introduce philosophers to coincident general relativity, and to undertake a detailed assessment of its features.

Giovanni Sartori suggested that in order to understand party systems, we need to focus on interactions between parties. These interactions have been conceptualised by Sartorian scholars as the structure of competition for control of the executive, and operationalised as patterns of government formation. This ‘government formation’ approach to party systems has limitations, chief among which is that it focuses on relations between government parties, but ignores other interparty relations. To mitigate these shortcomings while retaining a focus on interactions associated with competition for control of the executive, this study makes a case for describing party systems using data on parties’ coalition preferences. I demonstrate this ‘coalition preference’ approach by applying it to the Irish party system, a case characterised by significant party system change. The case study shows that this new approach provides a lens through which we can systematically describe party systems, which can complement existing approaches.

An East Anglian king who died defending his people against Viking conquerors, St Edmund was known to provide protection to his people after his death. As well as being a martyr, Edmund was also a warrior. This article investigates the development of the military side of Edmund’s cult. It argues that the battle of Fornham on 17 October 1173, the first time Edmund’s banner was used in battle, is an important chapter in this development, which brought greater recognition to Edmund’s warrior status. His warrior nature is further investigated through a discussion of his miracles and of his adoption by English royalty in their conquest of the British Isles.

NHS Talking Therapies for anxiety and depression (NHS TTad) were established in 2008 to increase and improve treatment for anxiety and depression, with the intention of reducing inequalities through being particularly responsive to individuals from marginalised groups. However, racially minoritised clients are under-represented within NHS TTad services, and are more likely to drop out of treatment. A service evaluation was carried out at a central London NHS TTad service to explore the experiences of clients from the ethnic group that was most likely to disengage. The aim was to find ways in which the service could be improved to enhance the experiences of this group and increase the rate of treatment completion. A service audit revealed that clients with a Black background, regardless of their specific ethnicity, had the highest drop-out rate and were significantly more likely to disengage than the White British group. The service evaluation involved interviewing six clients from this group who had recently dropped out of or declined treatment. Interviews were structured and analysed using narrative inquiry, and pattern coding was used to reduce large amounts of data into four main themes. Overall, participants found accessing support relatively easy but had limited knowledge on the service. A lack of choice and flexibility around appointments were highlighted as key factors in not completing therapy. Based on their experiences, participants recommended incorporating community and cultural learning into therapists’ training, and giving clients the option to request a therapist from a similar background. Recommendations are provided for service delivery.

Key learning aims

1. (1) To identify which clients, based on ethnicity, are most likely to decline or discontinue treatment within an NHS TTad service in Central London.

2. (2) To increase understanding of the treatment experiences of clients from the ethnic group with the highest drop-out rates.

3. (3) To provide recommendations offered by these clients for service providers, aimed at improving engagement and treatment completion.

A new service for adults with intellectual disabilities and mental health problems was developed in Qatar. However, numerous challenges were identified. In this paper, we reflect on the service development project, model of service delivery and achievements during the initial phases. The collaboration between government agencies to achieve improvement in the quality of life for this population was highlighted. Investment in training mental health staff to enhance their knowledge and skills in intellectual disability helped to facilitate improvement in care needs. An assessment was conducted on the service provision, and the results were reviewed to determine key priorities and offer recommendations. Local social and cultural perspectives highlighted requirements for improved understanding of the needs of the intellectual disability population and future service plans.

In 2019 we collected gravity and magnetic measurements, in conjunction with multibeam swath bathymetry and multi-channel seismic reflection profiling, to characterize the neovolcanic zone around Orca Volcano in the Central Bransfield Basin, Antarctica. New analysis of mafic dredge samples shows that the caldera is composed of rocks with a wide range of measured susceptibilities. Multi-channel seismic reflection profiles across Orca Volcano showed the presence of several reflectors under the caldera, characterized by strong amplitudes and phase-reversed polarity. Gravity and magnetic data also show coincident anomalies. Our 2D forward modelling shows that these anomalies are the result of a shallow magma accumulation zone underlain by a low-density, low-susceptibility volume. We also observe that the axial ridge to the south-west of the volcano is characterized by a narrow zone of low density and high susceptibility, consistent with a focused rift axis. To the north-east of the volcano, the potential field data show that the axial rift is left-lateral offset and is somewhat broader. An asymmetric pattern of decreasing density and susceptibility of igneous rocks across the rift is consistent with a pattern of extension that has only recently evolved into a narrow rift and the mid-ocean ridge basalt-like compositions seen in dredge samples. These results are consistent with rifting that is rapidly transitioning to seafloor spreading.

Despite implementing preventive measures, mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus remains a significant challenge in Swedish dairy farming, and an efficient vaccine against mastitis is still sought. In this research article, results from a clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of a novel experimental vaccine against S. aureus-induced mastitis in a Swedish dairy herd with continuous calving are presented. The vaccine was formulated with NanoQuil adjuvant and formalin-fixed S. aureus antigen. The trial was conducted as a comparative study in which previously unvaccinated cows were vaccinated before calving with either the experimental vaccine or a commercially available control vaccine (Startvac). Milk yield and somatic cell count (SCC) were the primary evaluation criteria. Data from the Swedish Official Milk Recording Scheme were used in the analysis of infection rates and herd udder health. In total, data from 144 cows across 199 lactation periods were evaluated. The two vaccine groups did not exhibit any significant differences in milk yield, and there were only minor, inconsistent differences in SCC between the treatments. However, the overall herd udder health evidently improved after the introduction of the control and treatment vaccines. No difference in the rate of new infections, as indicated by SCC increases above a threshold of 150 000 cells/ml between samplings, was recorded between the experimental groups. In contrast, the rate of new infections during the dry period tended to be lower. The recovery rate tended to be higher for cows vaccinated with the experimental vaccine, although not statistically significant.

The notion that theories of information and computation can augment and even complete thermodynamics has proven too enticing for many to resist, even though careful analysis has long shown that the notion fails. In so far as the results of this information-computation theoretic literature succeed, they are merely tendentious relabeling of mundane thermodynamics. When they go beyond it, they fail. The difficulties include an unsustainable conflation by Landauer’s principle of the dynamic probabilities of thermalization with the static probabilities of memory devices. The most serious failure is an enduring neglect of the import of thermodynamic fluctuations.

This article examines the role of the Church of England in the Royal Navy before and during the First World War. It highlights the importance and ultimate fragility of their historic alliance, its reputational consequences, and their significance for our wider understanding of the impact of the war on England’s established church.

Bowlby’s Maternal Care and Mental Health and its abridgement Child Care and the Growth of Love present two claims. The first (MCMH1) holds that children develop better mental health when they experience care from at least one familiar caregiver. The second (MCMH2) states that a child’s development and well-being depend on their mother’s constant presence and attention. Archival material suggests that the popular abridgement was written by Margery Fry rather than Bowlby, based on an interpretation of Maternal Care and Mental Health supporting MCMH2 and incorporating extracts supporting this conclusion. This may have contributed to enduring misconceptions about Bowlby’s theoretical position.

Psychiatric readmissions remain a significant challenge for mental health systems and may reflect gaps in continuity of care and support. This study examined predictors of psychiatric readmission within 12 months of discharge from an acute inpatient admission, with particular attention to patient satisfaction with care. Data from 1,070 psychiatric service users were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Variables included sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, prior inpatient admission, and satisfaction with care received during the indexed admission. Prior inpatient admission within the previous 12 months was the strongest predictor of readmission (OR = 2.00, 95% CI [1.45–2.76], p < .001). Older age (>40 years) and higher educational attainment were associated with lower readmission risk, whereas younger age and lower educational attainment were associated with increased risk. Employment and housing status were also significant predictors. In contrast, patient satisfaction with inpatient care was not associated with readmission, nor were gender, ethnicity, relationship status, resilience, well-being, depression, anxiety, or study cluster. These findings suggest that psychiatric readmission is driven primarily by recent hospitalization history and sociodemographic factors rather than patient satisfaction, highlighting the importance of targeted discharge planning and psychosocial support to reduce future hospitalizations.

This study addresses critical gaps in cross-cultural philanthropy research by examining charitable giving in Taiwan and the United States. It identifies distinct empirical patterns through which individual characteristics are associated with voluntary giving across different institutional contexts. Utilizing propensity score matching, linear regression, and random forest analysis on nationally representative data, the study enhances ecological validity and offers a robust framework for cross-national comparison. Findings indicate that US giving is more individualized and evaluative, whereas Taiwanese giving is more socially embedded. The results provide theoretical and practical implications for culturally adaptive fundraising strategies. Overall, the study demonstrates how institutional contexts condition the relationships between individual characteristics and charitable giving, extending nonprofit research beyond Western contexts.