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The conversation draws on two texts by members of the art collective Identidad Marrón, which both explore how racialised subalterns can decolonise the art world and specifically museums. The first is a statement by visual artist Abril Caríssimo; the second is a text by Flora Alvarado y América López, titled ‘Malonear los museos’, reflecting on their experience of curating an exhibition titled Qué necesitan aprender los museos? (What Do Museums Need to Learn?) for the public Palais de Glace museum, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
The memoir of Shadrack Byfield, an English weaver and war amputee, occupies a privileged place in the historiography and public memory of the Anglo‑American War of 1812. Yet relatively little is known about the author of this rare rank-and-file account. Drawing on extensive archival research and a newly discovered second autobiography, this article challenges the familiar image of Byfield as a plainspoken exemplar of military stoicism. It reveals how war in North America transformed the former private soldier both physically and psychologically. Examining Byfield’s return to civilian life, the article highlights his tenacious pursuit of veterans’ benefits, his cultivation of influential patrons, and his invention of a prosthetic device to enable a resumption of weaving work. It also traces the ex‑serviceman’s path to publication and explores his shifting self‑presentation in print—first as a dutiful soldier and later as a redeemed sinner. Integrating scholarship on disability, memoirs, military welfare, and the history of emotions, the article argues that Byfield’s exceptionally well‑documented life offers a window into the wider experiences of Britain’s homecoming soldiers after the Napoleonic Wars.
This chapter considers three interrelated genres of political writing that have been particularly prominent since 1900. These are memoirs, diaries, and biographies. Three of these genres have received some degree of treatment in previous scholarship, with memoirs having received the highest level of systematic discussion. There has been considerable attention paid to how specific books have helped shape the reputations of their authors/subjects. This has been related to questions of official secrecy and control over documents. But there is scope to investigate how these genres have developed over time and how they have been mutually interconnected. The chapter addresses the question of why these three types of work have become an accepted and largely unquestioned, part of the British political and publishing landscape. It investigates the impact that this dominance has had on how British politics has been conceived and understood. At the surface level, it seems quite understandable that prime ministers, cabinet ministers, and a number of relatively colourful junior ministers, advisers, and backbench MPs should have dominated the publishing landscape. But at the same time, the dominance of Westminster in the priorities of publishers reinforces a particular elitist, London-centric, and largely white male-centric view of what politics is about.
We introduce the index ${\mathcal N}(\omega _1,\omega _2)$ of a pair of pure states on a unital C*-algebra, which is a generalization of the notion of the index of a pair of projections on a Hilbert space. We then show that the Hall conductance associated with an invertible state $\omega $ of a two-dimensional interacting electronic system which is symmetric under $U(1)$ charge transformation may be written as the index $\mathcal {N}(\omega ,\omega _D)$, where $\omega _D$ is obtained from $\omega $ by inserting a unit of magnetic flux. This exhibits the integrality and continuity properties of the Hall conductance in the context of general topological features of $\mathcal {N}$.
Despite the Supreme Court ruling on the matter in July 2023, the correct test for police misconduct for use of force (the use of force test) in England and Wales remains contested. This paper explores how the largely subjective criminal law test preferred by police stakeholders is inconsistent with addressing the institutional racism within the Metropolitan Police highlighted in the Casey Review. In doing so, it makes a novel contribution to police accountability debates by developing a new analytical framework which allows arguments concerning police accountability processes to be more clearly articulated and assessed. The framework envisages three axes of accountability. The conduct axis relates to the actual levels of force used against citizens. The cultural axis concerns the extent to which police accountability processes provide meaningful oversight of police managers and professional standards departments, while the constitutional axis is engaged with the balance of power at the various parts of the police accountability system. Plotting the relative impact of more subjective or objective use of force tests along each axis allows clarity of debate concerning the consequences of the preferred test and thereby highlights the mitigation necessary in relation to the negative consequences of a choice in either direction.
The rise of right-wing populism has provoked a variety of responses. This chapter engages with one such response: Chantal Mouffe’s ‘left populism’. Mouffe’s call for an anti-essentialist, agonistic politics that can shift away from the ‘common sense’ of neoliberalism and reactionary nationalism which underpins right-wing populism is welcome. And yet our concern is that it risks being trapped by its reification of the nation-state. It may also miss the international dimensions of right-wing populism, including how forms of relation between states and corporations figure in its rise and stabilisation. We explore an approach which does not locate politics primarily as a fight over control of the identity and institutions of the state, but which begins in transnational resistance and collective action. We take up Featherstone’s account of transnational solidarity to frame a study of resistance to the Adani conglomerate. In our argument, this can be understood as an example of collective action not reliant on pre-existing (national) identities. Drawing on Featherstone’s account of solidarity as a lens invites us to consider whether transnational practices which decentre the state may offer resources to tackle the international aspects of populism’s rise, and the company-state nexus central to right-wing populism.
Hospitals are at the front line of adopting new health technologies, yet decision-making is often hampered by insufficient evidence, limited context, and misaligned priorities. Hospital-based health technology assessment (HB-HTA) provides a structured mechanism to evaluate innovations at the institutional level. However, published accounts of HB-HTA implementation remain scarce, particularly in Asian contexts.
Methods
We describe Singapore General Hospital’s (SGH) approach to institutionalizing HB-HTA through a three-pronged strategy: (1) structured two-page narrative proposals to ensure clarity, rigor, and alignment with organizational priorities; (2) establishment of a dedicated HB-HTA team – the Impact Assessment, Program Evaluation, and Implementation Research team; and (3) targeted training programs to build capacity among clinical and managerial staff. Evaluation of the framework included formative feedback from proposers and senior leaders, surveys of participant satisfaction, and qualitative interviews.
Results
Between 2023 and 2024, SGH piloted and scaled the HB-HTA framework, reviewing 15 proposals exceeding USD $40 million across domains, including artificial intelligence, robotics, diagnostics, and therapeutic devices. Training workshops engaged 55 participants with high Net Promoter Scores (≥50 percent), while surveys of senior leadership showed that 91 percent were satisfied or very satisfied with the process. Qualitative feedback highlighted improved strategic alignment, transparency, and confidence in decision-making.
Conclusions
SGH’s experience demonstrates that embedding HB-HTA requires deliberate organizational design, leadership commitment, and stakeholder engagement. By combining concise narrative proposals with independent in-house assessments, hospitals can strengthen governance, foster accountability, and support value-driven innovation. This model offers a practical roadmap for institutions seeking to formalize HB-HTA within their decision-making processes.
Donkeys (Equus asinus) play a vital role in supporting rural and peri-urban livelihoods across Kenya, yet their welfare remains poorly characterised and often compromised by human practices and environmental pressures. This study examined welfare challenges and opportunities across seven counties representing urban, high-potential, semi-arid, and arid production systems. A total of 392 donkeys were assessed using the Standardised Equine-Based Welfare Assessment Tool (SEBWAT), and structured interviews were conducted with owners to capture practices and environmental contexts. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression. Approximately 80% of donkeys exhibited at least one welfare concern. Common problems included poor body condition (48.2%), spinal pain (46.9%), lameness (33.4%), and mutilations (41.6%). Variation was observed across systems with donkeys in urban and high-potential areas showing more spinal sensitivity and behavioural distress. Key predictors of poor welfare included work type, terrain, limited veterinary access, housing, owner negligence, and donkey age ≥ 6 years. Owners prioritised community education (64.5%), veterinary outreach (52.0%), humane handling (27.3%), and improved access to feed and water (21.9%) as key interventions. These findings provide insights for designing targeted, context-specific interventions. A holistic approach addressing both human and environmental challenges is essential for safeguarding donkey welfare and protecting livelihoods.
Chapter 3 shows how older men, established patriarchs, wrestle with the temptation to sell their land and live lives of ‘fun’, abandoning their obligations to pass on wealth to future generations. Speaking to a rich regional literature on fatherhood and provider masculinity, it unveils a local politics of masculine responsibility, focusing on the question of land sale and fatherly obligation. Adult men from the Ituura neighbourhood who work for wages in the informal economy to support their families are shown to condemn other ‘bad’ men who sell their family land to live ‘comfortable’ lives of short-term consumption. The discourses of self-styled moral men valorise their self-disciplined control of a desire to consume wealth against the grain of immorality they perceive in the neighbourhood and beyond, especially by retaining their ancestral land. Complicating these heroic narratives of economic striving, the chapter explores the life circumstances that force land sale, as well as a growing cynicism amongst working-aged men towards the obligations of patrilineal kinship.
Edited by
Filipe Calvão, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,Matthieu Bolay, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland,Elizabeth Ferry, Brandeis University, Massachusetts
In this chapter, I consider how transparency and gold are established and maintained as “global values” and how actors differently positioned within gold markets seek to align them, with greater and lesser degrees of success. I trace how this happens in three clusters of transparency projects: certification schemes and voluntary frameworks for mining companies; efforts to use blockchain technologies to increase transparency in the supply chain; and efforts to verify (and perform the verification of) gold’s presence in European central banks, especially the Deutsche Bundesbank. Exploring these specific sites where transparency and gold convene, both supporting and tugging against each other, allows us to consider transparency from a different angle than is found in many other discussions, viewing gold and transparency as engaged in competitive processes of value-making (and unmaking).
Wetlands are critical ecosystems for many species of conservation concern, including migratory birds. These species face resource depletion and unpredictability in the context of global change and are expected to adjust their space use accordingly. Understanding how waterbirds use space and identifying their foraging needs are essential for guiding conservation efforts. Here, we present preliminary results on the fine-scale space use of a wetland flagship species, the Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida, in La Brenne, a historical French breeding stronghold. The species is listed as ‘Vulnerable’ in France and breeds in only a few large wetlands. For the first time, we equipped four adult terns with miniature GPS tracking devices, providing unique, high-resolution data on their daily movements throughout the breeding season (i.e. pre-incubation, incubation, rearing, and post-breeding). Our results showed that most daily foraging trips did not exceed 2–3 km, resulting in relatively small home ranges (ranging from 2.00 km2 to 14.95 km2). Values were higher during the post-breeding period (up to 8 km from the nest and home range size up to 74.45 km2). Furthermore, we found that Whiskered Terns remained faithful to their foraging areas throughout the season and preferentially foraged in ponds – especially those near their colony – compared with other potential foraging habitats. On average, 91% of foraging positions occurred in ponds and 9% in grasslands. We also provide practical details on bird capture and device attachment methods. Finally, this pioneering bio-logging study offers promising prospects for future research on the movement ecology of Whiskered Terns, which could be invaluable for their conservation.
Amorphous materials transition from solid-like to liquid-like behaviour (yield) under large stresses. Their constituent elements are caged in metastable configurations due to their neighbours. Microscale interactions between these elements lead to a large energy barrier to break the cages and trigger a plastic rearrangement. Thermal fluctuations can alter the yielding point as the elements hop to new configurations in anticipation. This work bridges the gap between molecular-scale physics and bulk rheology in thermal amorphous materials by connecting a classical density functional theory to a thermally activated elastoplastic model (EPM). We use a model system of solvent-free polymer-grafted nanoparticles which show rheological characteristics similar to those of soft glassy materials. We formulate the evolution of the free energy in a deforming array of polymer-grafted nanoparticles to obtain the energy landscape as an input to our EPM. We examine how the apparent yield stress depends on the shape of the energy landscape, thermal fluctuations and the rate of deformation. Our general scaling analyses reveal different regimes of structural relaxation governed by the applied shear rate and the inherent time scale for thermal hops. The complex interplay between mechanical loading and thermal fluctuations is further characterized by performing a variety of shear tests with different deformation history. The proposed framework provides an understanding of the yielding transition by integrating across a vast range of length and time scales.