Political apologies have become an important tool for addressing historical injustices, yet their effectiveness—especially in international contexts—remains debated. Prior scholarship has highlighted the limitations of simple verbal apologies and emphasized the importance of tangible and observable measures. What remains unclear, however, is why such measures enhance sincerity. I argue that their effectiveness hinges on the extent to which they are perceived as requiring effort in crafting and delivering apologies. This study examines whether—and if so, how—perceived effort shapes evaluations of sincerity, drawing on two pre-registered survey experiments in South Korea that used the same survey instrument and vignette treatments, in which respondents evaluated apologies issued by Japan for its colonial rule. The results demonstrate that apologies accompanied by concrete reparative measures are perceived as involving greater effort, which in turn elevates both credibility and sincerity. These findings underscore the importance of designing political apologies that are both symbolically meaningful and visibly effortful in international historical disputes.

Housing policy has been a busy area of activity for the Labour government in its first year. In this paper we critically assess the tensions and contradictions within these housing policy changes, examining whether they add up to a coherent, programmatic response to the ‘housing crisis’ which can deliver for individuals and households struggling to access and sustain adequate housing after fourteen years of austerity and neglect. In particular, we question the underlying driver of the housebuilding target and ask whether the Labour government’s apparent desperation for economic growth is subsuming concerns for social justice, despite the increase in support for social housing – a debate with wide international resonance in the current economic context. Finally, we scrutinise whether the rapid start out of the blocks on housing policy can be maintained for the inevitable marathon that is necessary to make significant changes to the UK housing system.

This paper presents the latest results from a geoarchaeological coring survey of Rome’s central river valley: new evidence demonstrates that the Tiber Island did not exist during the early centuries of human habitation at the site of Rome. Instead, the area was characterised by a low, seasonal bar formation on the riverbed, which would conceivably have aided prehistoric fording activity. The Tiber Island first emerged as a permanent land mass as a result of rapid sedimentation in the late sixth century b.c.e. We discuss the potential causes of this major topographic change and argue that intensive deforestation to support building activities in the region was a major factor. Overall, this research sheds light on the dynamic landscape of early Rome as well as new details on the consequences of environmental exploitation that occurred alongside archaic urbanisation in Tyrrhenian central Italy.

This paper investigates the emergence, development and creative potential of three-dimensional musical scores, examining their transformation from physical layered media to contemporary mixed reality implementations. Through analysis of key historical works and recent technological innovations, it explores how depth and spatial materiality in musical notation create new possibilities for compositional organisation, performance practice and aesthetic expression. The study examines pioneering works utilising transparent overlays and physical depth by composers such as Cage and Takemitsu, before analysing contemporary applications in augmented and virtual reality environments that enable dynamic, interactive score generation and networked performance possibilities. Drawing on phenomenological perspectives and spatial theory, the research demonstrates how three-dimensional scores challenge traditional temporal-spatial relationships in musical notation while suggesting new frameworks for understanding musical structure and interpretation. Technical affordances and limitations of current mixed reality platforms are evaluated, alongside consideration of their implications for future developments in notation and composition. The paper argues that while three-dimensional scores offer compelling new creative possibilities, their successful implementation requires both technological expertise and collaborative approaches that may reshape traditional models of compositional practice.

Remapping Sovereignty examines how activist-thinkers from Indigenous societies in North America recast the relationship between decolonization and sovereignty over the course of the twentieth century. While political theorists have criticized sovereignty as the dominant paradigm of political authority, alternatives to sovereignty remain elusive. Recasting these debates, Temin argues that activists-intellectuals in the long Red Power movement of the twentieth century engaged in complex acts of contesting and remapping the logic of sovereignty. If logics of Westphalian sovereignty revolve around “the normative centrality and perceived necessity of the claim to final and ultimate authority over a bounded space” (6) then central to its institutional practice is a refusal of the webs of relationality and interdependence on the land and human and non-human others. Rather than upholding these sovereign logics, Indigenous claims to self-determination, Temin shows, are premised not the assertion of territorial control but on the cultivation of reciprocal relations of care for the earth. Creating alternatives to both the institutions of the sovereign-state and the very conceptual framework of sovereignty entails dismantling and repairing the structural hierarchies and conceptual frameworks that stem from the constitutive disavowal of these relationalities embedded in both the concept and practice of state sovereignty.

Building on the author’s previous research into music teacher biography, this current paper examines the identity of secondary (age 11–18) classroom music teachers in England exploring, in particular, how far teachers consider themselves as musicians first or teachers first and how far this may impact upon what and how they teach their students. How we see ourselves as classroom music teachers, it is hypothesised, can impact how we view our pupils and their development as musicians, so this research seeks to investigate the truth of this. The findings, for example, suggest that music teachers who very much identify themselves as musicians first may well view their pupils more as musicians also.

In this paper, I investigate four sites connected to animist narratives in Northern Norway. The unrest associated with these sites is seen as being caused by human activity but carried out by disruptive forces. Sometimes the causes are known; sometimes they are unknown, but still connected to active agencies in these landscapes. The narratives relate to two types of forces that can make a place uneasy: chthonic forces and harmful deeds of humans against nature or other people. Implicit within these narrations and interpretations is an animistic worldview: places can and do remember. The places presented here are situated close to current or past Sámi settlements, suggesting that they are the result of animist and possibly shamanic practices and cosmologies. This reveals an ongoing concern with disruption of human/nature relations and attributed continued meaning through the Sámi narrative tradition. Sámi language originally had no word for nature. Luondo, the name used today, originally meant personality of humans, animals, or places, and illustrates my entry point into these phenomena.

Foodborne trematodes, particularly from families Opisthorchiidae and Fasciolidae, significantly impact human health. Research on trematode-related diseases has primarily focused on the hepatobiliary system and carcinogenic potential of these flukes. Nonetheless, chronic infection by these parasites likely affects other organ systems. This review emphasises the need to expand studies beyond the hepatobiliary system to fully understand the pathogenesis of liver fluke infections and advocates for a systematic approach to the management of affected humans. This review analyses scientific data from 1950 to 2025, including studies on laboratory animals, wild animals, and humans. Databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, WHO, IARC, Rospotrebnadzor, and eLibrary were utilised. Common kidney injuries from trematode infections include glomerular and tubular damage, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis. These injuries are influenced by liver damage and gut microbiome imbalances. Interspecies differences highlight the complexity of host–parasite interactions. Research indicates that foodborne-trematode–associated nephropathy exists in both humans and animals and involves immune complexes, oxidative stress, and biomarkers like KIM1. The documented renal damage underscores the need for further investigation into the mechanisms of the trematode-associated renal pathologies.

I begin where Temin’s book does, with the #NODAPL movement. The movement emerged in 2016 as Standing Rock Sioux citizens organized to stop the building of the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) across their ancestral lands. As Sioux scholar-activist Nick Estes argues, the #NODAPL movement is part of a longer history of Indigenous resistance to settler colonialism in the US.1 It is also part of a history of 500 years of Indigenous resistance in the Americas/Abya Yala, one that has intensified with the contemporary expansion of extractive industries. Indigenous resistance in extractive hot zones such as the Amazon has in recent years included pipeline takeovers, blockades, and legal activism to halt land concessions to companies by the state. The response to this activism has been increased violence against protesters and their criminalization.2

Understanding how invertebrates respond to disturbance is essential for anticipating the effects of anthropogenic developments. In western Canada’s boreal forests, linear corridor disturbances constructed for oil and gas exploration, called seismic lines, are pervasive. Previous research indicates that butterfly abundance and species richness increase along conventional seismic lines (6–12 m wide) in peatland boreal forest and that at least one butterfly species preferentially uses these seismic lines as travel corridors. Here, we investigated how a butterfly assemblage’s abundance, species richness, and movement responded to seismic lines in the dry, sandy Richardson area of Alberta, Canada’s boreal forest. We used Malaise traps at five sites to compare butterfly abundance, species richness, and movement direction on conventional seismic lines to 50 m into the adjacent interior forest. Butterfly abundance and richness were 7.8 times and 1.5 times higher, respectively, on conventional seismic lines than in the forest interior. Butterflies were also 6.5 times as abundant flying across seismic lines than flying along them. These results demonstrate that conventional seismic lines are locally increasing butterfly abundance and diversity in boreal forests, while also further affecting butterfly movement behaviour compared to undisturbed boreal forest habitat.

Given a Fourier transformable measure in two dimensions, we find a formula for the intensity of its Fourier transform along circles. In particular, we obtain a formula for the diffraction measure along a circle in terms of the autocorrelation measure. We then look at some applications of this formula.