Workaholism and overcommitment are often defined as irrational or obsessive attachments to work, characterized by excessive work investment with negative consequences for health and well-being. However, the relationship between these constructs remains underexplored. In this study, we hypothesized that workaholism and overcommitment represent different stages of the same work addiction dynamic, with overcommitment mediating the relationship between workaholism and burnout. Additionally, we proposed that job satisfaction reinforces this addiction dynamic, strengthening the relationship between workaholism and overcommitment over time. Utilizing data from a three-wave longitudinal study (time-lag = 1 month) involving Italian employees, we tested a moderated mediation model. Our findings indicated that overcommitment at T2 fully mediated the relationship between workaholism at T1 and job burnout at T3. Moreover, job satisfaction at T2 significantly moderated this pathway, suggesting that higher job satisfaction leads to a stronger relationship between workaholism and overcommitment over time. In conclusion, our study highlights the exacerbating effect of job satisfaction on the link between workaholism and overcommitment, which can, in turn, increase employees’ burnout. This research represents the first longitudinal examination of workaholism and overcommitment as stages within the same process, rather than as distinct constructs.

The climatic conditions, particularly the sources of precipitation that enabled extensive glacial growth during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the European Alps, remain poorly constrained. Here, we apply an inversion method to reconstruct equilibrium line altitude (ELA) fields using glacier footprints, such as the moraines deposited by Alpine glaciers during the LGM. By employing a machine-learning emulator trained on outputs from a glacier-evolution model, we predict glacier maximal thickness. The emulator is integrated into a gradient-based inversion scheme to derive ELA fields consistent with LGM footprints. The results show that the reconstructed ELA fields align with those from previous studies, validating the robustness of our approach. Unlike existing inversion methods, our approach is more general and avoids restrictive assumptions. Notably, by incorporating the transient response of glaciers to climate variability (we do not assume steady state), we show that the cold spell period is crucial for interpreting the reconstructed climate patterns—an aspect previously overlooked. Our findings provide new insights into climatic variability during the LGM, particularly concerning the interaction between precipitation patterns and the cold spell period. Furthermore, the computational efficiency of our method makes it applicable to large-scale paleoclimate reconstructions based on glacier footprints.

A highly diversified fauna of brachyurans is described from the lower Eocene Serraduy Formation of Huesca, northeastern Spain. Fifteen new and first-reported taxa of brachyurans are described including three new genera, ten new species, and five taxa in open nomenclature. New taxa include: Carpilius feldmanni n. sp., Ceronnectes rugosus n. sp., Eohexapus simplex n. sp., Galenopsis ossoi n. sp., Matutsalen rotundus n. gen. n. sp., Microboschettia elegans n. gen. n. sp., Parhalimede antiqua n. sp., Locomius parthenopimimus n. gen. n. sp., Liocarcinus tridentatus n. sp., and Xanthilites robustus n. sp. Five additional genera have been recognized from fragmented material only including Alponella sp., Lovaroides sp., Paromola sp., ?Rhinolambrus sp., and ?Spinirostrimaia sp. Moreover, based on new specimens, we provide new data on Ilerdapatiscus guardiae and Aragolambrus collinsi. New information supports previous considerations about reef settings that are comparable to modern reef ecosystems as environments of diversified decapod crustaceans in the early Eocene.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/a5426acb-1d14-4e37-a843-922c940ac5b2

This article offers a reassessment of Varro’s treatment of servile flight in his De Re Rustica. It analyses and contextualizes the pervasiveness of juridical echoes of slave runaways in Book 3, in a section on snails and bees. It thus suggests that the topic of slave flight is not neglected by Varro, as previously assumed. Varro presents the tangible prospect of slaves escaping from the estate in animal disguise. By revealing the apparent obscurity with which servile flight is handled by Varro, the article also shows the centrality of this concern in the minds of Roman slave owners – detectable even in a text on the ideal management of agricultural estates, where the topic does not belong.

Pole-and-thatch structures built directly on the ground surface were likely common in antiquity in the Maya area as residences, kitchens, workshops, storehouses, and for other uses, although the actual wooden architecture normally decays and often leaves no mounded remains. Various estimates are made to account for these “invisible sites” in population estimates based on mound or plazuela groups. Wooden building posts and associated artifacts preserved in mangrove peat below the sea floor in Punta Ycacos Lagoon, southern Belize provide an opportunity to address population size, material wealth, and household activities at “invisible sites.” The distribution of wooden building posts and artifacts at the Ch’ok Ayin underwater site indicates it was a residential household group with several pole-and-thatch buildings around a plaza. The householders focused on salt production, with artifactual evidence of brine enrichment and brine boiling, in addition to other supporting activities, and participated in Late Classic marketplace trade for goods from varying distances. Holocene sea-level rise that flooded low-lying coastal areas also obscured ancient Maya sites, making them “invisible” in the modern landscape.

This article investigates the intellectual and cultural history of homeownership in the United States. Focused on the work of the economist Richard T. Ely, it argues that this history should move beyond Ely’s intellectual influence on the real-estate industry in the 1910s and 1920s to incorporate his critique of laissez-faire economics, his ideas about “social property,” and his visions of managed hierarchy, all of which originated in the late nineteenth century. The essay tracks Ely’s connections to Progressives like John Dewey—with their visions of a coming social self to displace possessive individualism—and his influence on Herbert Hoover’s 1931 National Conference on Home Building and Home Ownership—which prefigured the New Deal’s housing policy. Following Ely’s work reveals how homeownership institutionalized what Dewey called “social values,” but did so by naturalizing a persistent rhetoric of autonomy and individualism that relied on divisions of race, class, and gender for its power.

Lake-terminating glaciers retreat and thin faster than land-terminating glaciers, yet their long-term dynamics remain underexplored. Using multi source–remote sensing data combined with glacier velocity and elevation change datasets, we investigated their distribution and evolution in the Himalaya and Southeastern Tibet from 1990 to 2020. By 2020, 577 lake-terminating glaciers (2561.5 ± 11.8 km2) had been identified, representing ∼2% of all glaciers by number and ∼10% by area. Of these, 246 glaciers maintained contact with proglacial lakes (Type 1 change), while 331 developed new lakes (Type 2 change). Additionally, 173 glaciers detached from lakes (Type 3 change). Variations in glacier–lake contact strongly modulate glacier dynamics. Type 1 change glaciers experienced the largest area loss (73.8 ± 13.1 km2), whereas Type 2 change glaciers showed the greatest average retreat distance (1.06 ± 0.05 km). Among Type 1 change glaciers (>5 km2) with significant velocity trends, 22% accelerated and 78% decelerated, while all Type 3 change glaciers with significant velocity trends consistently decelerated. These findings underscore the pivotal influence of proglacial lake evolution on glacier dynamics, advancing our understanding of glacier–lake interactions on the Tibetan Plateau and beyond.

Cell death is a defense strategy employed by host cells to combat viral invasion. Viruses can manipulate the host cell death process to facilitate their own dissemination or evade immune surveillance. Ferroptosis, characterized by excessive iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, is one crucial form of such cell death. Although ferroptosis is primarily associated with tissue/organ damage and tumorigenesis, accumulating evidence suggests that ferroptosis is closely linked to viral infections and their pathogenic mechanisms. This article systematically reviews the metabolic processes associated with ferroptosis, mainly including amino acid metabolism, iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial metabolism. It also discusses in detail the interaction between viral infections and ferroptosis, highlighting how viruses exploit the mechanisms of ferroptosis for their own infection and replication. Additionally, the impact of nutritional regulation of ferroptosis on the progression of viral infections is explored. Therefore, understanding the interaction between cellular ferroptosis and viral infections not only provides valuable insights for developing effective antiviral therapeutic strategies but also offers references for the prevention and control of viral infections in animals.

Suicide rates are increasing rapidly among Black children and adolescents, calling for novel approaches to understanding their unique risk factors. The Structural Racism and Suicide Prevention Systems Framework offers a new culturally responsive theory that structural racism is an underlying mechanism for disparities in suicide among ethnoracial marginalized youth. Thus, a deeper analysis of the intersection of racism and systems to better understand suicide risk and create more effective targeted interventions for Black youth is imperative. The current systematic review comprehensively evaluated and synthesized the empirical literature regarding the relationship between structural racism and suicide risk among Black youth. 17 studies from 3 database searches, published between 2013 and 2024 are presented. Results revealed a positive relationship between structural racism and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among Black youth. Systems that particularly facilitate the perpetration of racism toward Black youth include schools, criminal justice, and income inequality. Findings serve as a call to action to incorporate more socioecological models into suicide prevention research focused on Black youth. Understanding the depth and scope of how racism contributes to suicide risk provides key targets for prevention and intervention strategies that are specific to individuals belonging to this group at disparate risk for suicide.

This article investigates female voting behavior in the 2016 US presidential election through the lens of tall poppy syndrome, a theory suggesting that those in less prominent or celebrated roles sometimes seek to undermine individuals who pursue or attain extraordinary public success. Using data from the ANES, VOTER, and CCES surveys and controlling for alternative explanations, I find that women outside the workforce were more likely to vote against Hillary Clinton, indicating that their voting behavior may have been driven by tall poppy syndrome rather than solely by social conservatism. These findings highlight an underexplored factor in voting behavior, suggest widening avenues of partisan polarization, and point to the unique challenges that are faced by women who seek elected office.

Accurate prediction of nondispatchable renewable energy sources is essential for grid stability and price prediction. Regional power supply forecasts are usually indirect through a bottom-up approach of plant-level forecasts, incorporate lagged power values, and do not use the potential of spatially resolved data. This study presented a comprehensive methodology for predicting solar and wind power production at a country scale in France using machine learning models trained with spatially explicit weather data combined with spatial information about production sites’ capacity. A dataset is built spanning from 2012 to 2023, using daily power production data from Réseau de Transport d’Electricité (the national grid operator) as the target variable, with daily weather data from ECMWF Re-Analysis v5, production sites capacity and location, and electricity prices as input features. Three modeling approaches are explored to handle spatially resolved weather data: spatial averaging over the country, dimension reduction through principal component analysis, and a computer vision architecture to exploit complex spatial relationships. The study benchmarks state-of-the-art machine learning models as well as hyperparameter tuning approaches based on cross-validation methods on daily power production data. Results indicate that cross-validation tailored to time series is best suited to reach low error. We found that neural networks tend to outperform traditional tree-based models, which face challenges in extrapolation due to the increasing renewable capacity over time. Model performance ranges from 4% to 10% in normalized root-mean-squared error for midterm horizon, achieving similar error metrics to local models established at a single-plant level, highlighting the potential of these methods for regional power supply forecasting.

Despite significant advances in Building Information Modeling (BIM) and increased adoption, numerous challenges remain. Discipline-specific BIM software tools with file storage have unresolved interoperability issues and do not capture or express interdisciplinary design intent. This hobbles machines’ ability to process design information. The lack of suitable data representation hinders the application of machine learning and other data-centric applications in building design. We propose Building Information Graphs (BIGs) as an alternative modeling method. In BIGs, discipline-specific design models are compiled as subgraphs in which nodes and edges model objects and their relationships. Additional nodes and edges in a meta-graph link the building objects across subgraphs. Capturing both intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary relationships, BIGs provide a dimension of contextual data for capturing design intent and constraints. BIGs are designed for computation and applications. The explicit relationships enable advanced graph functionalities, such as across-domain change propagation and object-level version control. BIGs preserve multimodal design data (geometry, attributes, and topology) in a graph structure that can be embedded into high-dimensional vectors, in which learning algorithms can detect statistical patterns and support a wide range of downstream tasks, such as link prediction and graph generation. In this position article, we highlight three key challenges: encapsulating and formalizing object relationships, particularly design intent and constraints; designing graph learning techniques; and developing innovative domain applications that leverage graph structures and learning. BIGs represent a paradigm shift in design technologies that bridge artificial intelligence and building design to enable intelligent and generative design tools for architects, engineers, and contractors.

During the post-harvesting process, coffee berries are dried and separated into green commercial beans and husks. The dynamics of dry matter (DM) accumulation in the berry components along the maturation process are important for the definition of the most adequate moment for the harvest, which is genotype-dependent. The DM accumulation dynamics in the berries, beans, and husks in six Coffea canephora genotypes were studied during the fruit maturation process, with the aim of identifying the fruit harvesting stage when the highest bean yield can be obtained. Berry samples were collected every two weeks at nine maturation stages starting from 33 weeks after flowering (green berry stage). Second-order polynomial regressions were used to analyse berry and bean DM accumulation over time, while temporal husk DM accumulation was compared using ANOVA and the Tukey test. DM accumulation was the highest in the berries and beans following the initial sampling, while the highest husk DM accumulation occurred at the final stages of maturation. In general, DM accumulation of all components increased as fruit maturation progressed, attaining the highest DM values in the final stages of red berries, but occurred earlier for early/medium and medium maturation cycle genotypes. The Beira Rio 8 genotype showed the highest DM accumulation in all components. Bamburral and P1 genotypes showed the lowest berry fresh mass (FM) to bean DM ratios. The A1 genotype showed the greatest berry FM to bean DM ratio, being a genotype with the lowest DM and bean mass performances and bean yield. Our data revealed that not only should the absolute berry and bean yield be considered for highly productive genotype selection but also the bean DM dynamics in the characterization of commercial coffee yield.

How do cyber attacks aid attempts to generate influence? This article argues that cyber-enabled influence operations (CEIO) are more varied in form than is often recognised by scholars. We describe four kinds of CEIO activities – preparatory attacks, manipulative attacks, attacks in parallel, and influence-enabling – and observe that the type most often referenced by scholars (manipulative attacks) is the one whose utility is most substantially constrained by the clashing logics of cyber and influence operations. Our analysis suggests a clear theoretical basis for understanding cyber-influence interactions, namely that the style of cyber operational targeting is inversely tied to the scale of influence outcomes intended by an attacker. Tactics and the conditions that motivate them change as the scale of interference intended by the attacker varies over time, with tools and approaches that offer utility in one phase failing to do so in another as the environment transforms and interacts with attacker interests.

Words in infant-directed speech (IDS) are often phonetically reduced. This likely renders words harder for infants to learn and recognize. This difficulty might be mitigated by the repetitive nature of IDS, in particular if reduced instances are often preceded by clear instances (i.e., the first-mention effect). To characterize phonetic clarity in American English word repetitions, words were extracted from the IDS of eight mothers and presented to adults (n = 36) who judged their clarity. First mentions of repeated words were found to be clearer than second mentions, though this effect was small. Clarity was rated as greater for less common words and for utterance-final words. Clarity was also greater for words parents thought their child knew. The results help guide intuitions about the phonetic problem infants face when learning their first words.

In recent years, ontological security studies (OSS) have developed an impressive breadth of empirical applications and depth of theoretical advancements. However, despite increasing disciplinary diversity, methodological differences in OSS and the resulting implications have not yet been discussed. Drawing on Jackson’s taxonomy of scientific methodologies, this article outlines that OSS is characterized by considerable methodological diversity cutting across existing distinctions in the field. Greater focus on this diversity is important, as (tacit) underlying methodological assumptions have significant implications concerning the types of knowledge claims that can be advanced. Providing the first systematic discussion of methodological questions in OSS, this article outlines the contours of grounding OSS in neopositivist, critical realist, reflexivist, and analyticist methodologies and provides examples thereof. It then discusses the implications emerging from different methodologies in terms of (1) the production and evaluation of valid knowledge claims about ontological (in)security, (2) the perception of and dealing with ontological and epistemological challenges in the concept of ontological (in)security, and (3) the critical potential of OSS. While highlighting the potential of OSS grounded in analyticism, this article ultimately emphasizes the inherent value of methodological pluralism structured around a common vocabulary enabling meaningful conversations – both within OSS and with International Relations more broadly.