This paper analyzes seasonal grounding line migration from a 4.5-year perspective and with a high (6 days) data-sampling rate. We used a series of high-resolution (60 m) Sentinel-1 double-difference interferograms obtained in the years 2017–21 to monitor variability in the grounding line position on the Orville Coast, on the western part of the Ronne Ice Shelf. We confirmed that the integration of the double-difference interferogram method with a neural network specifically trained on this type of data allows a successful detection of the grounding line position. Despite challenges related to maintaining the coherence and reducing data noise, we were able to generate and analyze time series of grounding line positions, test the assumption of maximum migration ranges and attempt pattern recognition in temporal grounding line migration. Our results represent a pioneering approach to seasonality and trend assessment in grounding line behavior. We believe that our findings can help detect the patterns of and the reasons for glacier behavior in the grounding zone. This information may be crucial in monitoring the mass loss of glaciers, especially in light of ongoing significant climate change.

Building popular support for democracy is especially necessary in countries ruled by authoritarian regimes. Can educational interventions promote democratic support in these countries and influence how citizens evaluate their country’s political regime? To answer these questions, we conducted two online experiments in Turkey comparing the effects of two pro-democratic educational interventions, a positive frame emphasizing gains from democratic institutions and a negative frame highlighting the losses under authoritarian regimes. Both treatment frames were successful at building democratic demand. However, only participants exposed to the pro-democracy messages with a positive frame took important additional cognitive steps, decreasing their evaluations of Turkey’s democratic supply and, therefore, becoming less likely to vote for the parties aligned with the autocratic regime. We offer a reference points theory to explain this divergence. Overall, our research makes significant contributions to the literature on democracy promotion and democratic support among ordinary citizens.

Global health law seeks to empower individuals and communities; however, the field largely operates according to a charity-based approach. The COVID-19 pandemic and the announced withdrawal of the United States from the WHO highlighted existing tensions, amplifying skepticism toward international health cooperation. This essay analyzes opportunities for global health law to transition to a self-reliance model by examining the revised International Health Regulations and the new Pandemic Agreement. The essay considers whether and how these amended and new instruments could advance a rights-based, resilience model of international health cooperation.

Over the past decade, China has significantly expanded its security cooperation with other authoritarian regimes, yet existing research struggles to capture the informal and ambiguous nature of these relationships. This article develops a new conceptualisation of ‘security ties’ grounded in the logic of authoritarian rule. Security ties are sustained interactions that contribute to regime survival and unfold across five functional domains: diplomatic and military contacts, support for regime security, military capacity building, non-combat operations, and wartime support. To capture variation, this article analyses security ties along three dimensions: depth, durability, and domestic involvement. As a proof of concept, the framework is applied to China’s security ties with ten representatively selected autocracies between 2019 and 2024. The analysis reveals that China’s ties to Russia are by far the deepest, most durable, and institutionalised. Ties to other autocracies are more selective and uneven. Military capacity building emerges as a central but varied pillar, while cooperation aimed at regime security and wartime support remains limited to a narrow set of partners. The article advances debates on authoritarian alignment by conceptualising it as a differentiated web of security ties rather than a cohesive alliance, and it offers a framework for systematically analysing autocratic security cooperation.

Accounts of common knowledge typically focus on how to represent what agents would know when they achieve common knowledge, instead of asking how agents achieve common knowledge. In this paper, by modifying a definition proposed by David Lewis, I generate a set of conditions the satisfaction of which would entail that a group of agents has common knowledge, properly so-called. I then ask what it would take to satisfy these conditions. I argue that these conditions can be satisfied and common knowledge achieved in the course of a conversation if, but only if, we adopt a particularly strong interpretation of Austin’s claim that the successful performance of a speech act requires the securing of uptake. I then argue that the generalization of this result to conversations involving more than two people requires that the audience to whom a speech act is addressed be able to recognize themselves as the audience of the speech act, in an essentially plural act of recognition. I close by arguing that one of the so-called paradoxes of common knowledge (the coordinated attack problem) in fact gives us some reason to favor Austin’s account of speech acts and therefore some reason to believe that common knowledge can, on occasion, arise.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has proposed increased restrictions and lower application rates for atrazine. Corn growers need to have options for weed control, and increased scrutiny of atrazine may limit effective herbicides that inhibit the photosystem II within weeds. One alternative weed control option is the premixture of amicarbazone and metribuzin. The atrazine label prohibits planting soybean until the following year, limiting producers to replanting corn or grain sorghum after a failed stand. Amicarbazone allows a 4-mo soybean rotation interval, potentially enabling planting of the crop the same season as failed corn. Therefore, research was conducted in 2023 and 2024 in Fayetteville, Arkansas, to evaluate soybean tolerance to an amicarbazone and metribuzin premixture after a simulated failed corn stand. Amicarbazone was applied at 245, 490, and 735 g ai ha−1 alone and in combination with metribuzin at 140, 280, and 420 g ai ha−1. Soybean was planted following at least 1.3 cm of rain (19 to 20 d after application). The label allows amicarbazone and metribuzin to be applied to corn at 336 and 190 g ha−1, respectively, on silt loam soil with organic matter of 1.5% to 2%. The combination of amicarbazone and metribuzin at 735 and 420 g ha−1, respectively, more than twice the labeled rate for corn, induced 61% to 91% soybean injury 14 d after emergence (DAE). When amicarbazone and metribuzin rates were reduced to 245 and 140 g ha−1, respectively, the injury was 4% in both years at 14 DAE. Yield reductions were observed only after treatments with amicarbazone at 735 g ha−1 applied alone or in combination with metribuzin at 420 g ha−1. Overall, crop response and yield reductions should be expected with an amicarbazone and metribuzin premixture at the highest rates used in this study. However, the label for the premixture will not allow these rates to be applied.

Cross-language figurative meaning activation in idiom processing has been observed in primed lexical and semantic decision tasks, but not in text reading. To study first-language figurative idiom meaning activation in second-language reading, we created and tested a novel contextual idiom-priming paradigm and conducted an eye-tracking experiment with Chinese–English immersion and non-immersion bilinguals, and English-speaking controls. Three counterbalanced conditions were created: in English texts, the meaning probe was preceded by a close or paraphrased translation of a related Chinese-only idiom, or an unrelated phrase. The processing of the probe was influenced by figurative meanings of Chinese-only idioms for both groups of bilinguals, but not for monolingual controls, evidencing non-selective language processing beyond single words. There was no difference in the patterns of activation between close and paraphrased translations, suggesting that exact lexical overlap may not be necessary for cross-language activation of idioms. Different processing patterns were observed for immersion and non-immersion bilinguals.

Despite biomedical explanations for diseases being increasingly accepted in sub-Saharan Africa, traditional African explanatory models of illness remain widespread. This study sought to understand local explanatory models for illness and patient experiences with different traditional health practitioners (THPs) among a population of rural women in Limpopo, South Africa. This was a cross-sectional qualitative study in which eighty-two in-depth interviews were conducted, and the data were thematically analysed. Study findings indicate that 68% of participants believed illnesses can be caused by bewitchment, and these diseases were often considered too taboo to even be discussed. High percentages of participants also believe that THPs can cure illnesses that medical doctors cannot treat. Additionally, several illnesses were identified related to traditional practices and cultural beliefs, which can only be cured traditionally, via THPs. While the hospital/clinic is often first approached, its failure to resolve illness can often be seen as a sign of the spiritual origin of the ailment. This study is a pre-context for more research around biomedical/traditional medicine collaborations.

Gender inequality carries high social costs, and understanding its causes and consequences remains a pressing concern. Numerous policymakers and academics have taken on this challenge, including anthropological archaeologists. Because archaeologists create narratives about the past that can justify or question current and future actions, contemporary archaeological practice impacts everyone. This themed issue builds on recent documentations of disparities and calls to address them. To do so, contributors use a mix of quantitative and qualitative analyses, as well as novel theoretical perspectives, to understand why intersectional gender-based inequalities continue and to propose interventions to rectify them. We begin by considering the history of feminist equity critiques. We then argue that scholars should build on existing research by reconceptualizing not only difference but also exclusion. Policymakers, academics, and others must move beyond the problematic yet ubiquitous metaphor of a leaky pipeline and instead consider the active—though often unconscious and unintentional—ways individuals and institutions exclude, including through notions of fit, prestige, and the hysteresis of habitus, also known as the Don Quixote effect. The overarching goal of the themed issue, and this article, is to advocate for interventions in contemporary archaeological practice and beyond.

Acute insults ranging from blunt force trauma and thermal injury to pathogenic infection elicit systemic inflammatory cascades intended to limit further tissue damage. These responses are accompanied by metabolic disturbances that generate distinct biochemical signatures measurable through advanced analytical platforms, such as mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Although numerous studies have examined these metabolic alterations, findings remain fragmented across clinical and analytical disciplines, leaving it unclear whether the systemic metabolic response to acute insult is fundamentally conserved or insult-specific. In this comparative review, we consolidate evidence across diverse injury and infection contexts to identify shared metabolic patterns, context-dependent differences, and critical gaps in current understanding. Here, we focus on lipid and lipoprotein profiling of blood plasma and serum. We present exemplar case studies spanning traumatic brain injury, burn injury, and SARS-CoV-2 infection to illustrate how lipid and lipoprotein perturbations differ or converge across insult types. Notable observations include consistently elevated palmitic acid (16:0) and reduced phosphatidylcholine species across all three conditions, suggesting these features may represent cross-condition biomarkers and highlighting the value of comparative metabolic profiling. By integrating evidence across diverse contexts, we propose a framework describing the interplay between lipid metabolism, lipoprotein dynamics, and inflammatory activation. Finally, we discuss the translational potential of metabolic phenotyping in enhancing patient stratification, refining prognostic modelling, and improving patient outcomes.

This article presents a proposal for personalised learning itineraries in the field of Ancient History, designed specifically for neurodivergent university students, particularly those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or dyslexia. Drawing on the flipped classroom model, the approach shifts the centre of gravity of learning to the students, who are asked to engage with historical content through autonomous preparation, artificial intelligence (AI)-supported tasks, and collaborative in-class activities. Two differentiated learning paths are outlined: one structured and linear and one open and creative. Both incorporate digital tools, such as Google Forms and Canva, and regulation strategies to support executive functioning and autonomy. The article discusses the inclusive potential of this model and reflects on how the integration of AI reshapes historical learning and critical engagement.

This essay takes up the question of how literature can help us adapt to a world in which climate change is an ongoing reality. Climate literature offers a promising realm in which scholars are reckoning with the central humanistic problem of how we make sense of a world undergoing the chaos of climate change. This essay explores the climate literature anthology Tales of Two Planets for how its stories and essays model a practice of narrative agency—the ability to consciously identify, dispense with, and create the tales we tell ourselves about climate change. The narrative agency that climate literature like Tales of Two Planets promotes has the potential to widen its readers’ locus of control in environments where there is very little to begin with.

Here we develop the concept of metacrisology – a way of thinking shaped by crisis that examines the nature of crisis itself – by engaging with philosophers in the context of climate change, technological acceleration and symbolic misery. Beginning with a traumatic childhood experience of cosmic finitude, we reconceive crisis not merely as a path toward inevitable disaster but, in Kostas Axelos’s Heraclitean sense, as an improbable imperative that challenges passive acceptance. Drawing on Bernard Stiegler’s interpretation of krisis as a decisive moment, we argue that the metacrisis is fundamentally a crisis of time deprived of care. Yet against survivalist resignation, we advocate a pedagogy of the unexpected (anelpiston) that cultivates openness to the unprecedented as such. For this we search for a new experimental language to explain the situation. Byung-chul Han’s critique of Heidegger and his revival of the sublime also informs our discussion of beauty as a temporal suspension that resists the rush of technical time. We critique the fetishisation of wounds, whether symbolic or ecological, that forecloses futures and instead argue for a destructive aesthetics that can generate the untimely catastrophe from which, in Deleuze’s sense, a people-to-come might emerge.

Environmental education is never neutral; through what is emphasised or ignored, education shapes how learners understand their relationships with the more-than-human world. This editorial introduces the Special Issue Beyond the Metacrisis: Educating for the Future World to Come, situating environmental education within a planetary metacrisis produced by intersecting ecological, social, economic and epistemic failures. Drawing on critiques of colonial modernity, neoliberal growth imperatives and Enlightenment dualisms that separate culture from nature, the authors argue that the metacrisis is an educational paradox: education systems reproduce normative conditions—like resource extractivism, alienation and technocratic optimism—that threaten collective futures. The metacrisis is conceptualised as an entanglement of multiple polycrises, including climate disruption, biodiversity collapse, international and local violences, toxic pollution, social inequity and public anxiety, whose planetary scale distinguishes the present moment from historic civilisational crises. This editorial synthesises contributions challenging assumptions of progress, neutrality and individualism. Collectively, the Special Issue papers engage with the problematic of modernity, neoliberalism and the marketisation of everything, the alienation embedded in the Enlightenment. Each essay has an introductory synopsis, categorised as an activation about neoliberalism, a response to collapse, and a reworking of the modern alienation between culture and nature. Instead of alienation, the papers foreground Indigenous, place-based, relational and post-growth approaches to environmental education, offering alternative pedagogies, curricula and institutional imaginaries grounded in care, reciprocity and ecological limits. Together, they position environmental education as a site for ethical re-worlding, supporting cultural regeneration, social justice and renewed human–Earth relationships.

Subsidiarity, a principle of justice rooted in law and political philosophy, remains largely overlooked in contemporary debates in international law. Its central idea is that decisions should be made as close as possible to those affected, with higher authorities intervening only when necessary.1 This approach balances local agency with supportive solidarity, promoting cooperation that is both participatory and responsive.2