This article examines the Italian translations and reception of Winston S. Churchill’s The Second World War, using British and Italian archival materials and press sources. It shows how the Italian editions and serialisations introduced constant modifications – abridgements, omissions, textual cuts, and paratextual framing – in order to adapt the memoirs for a national audience. These interventions softened Churchill’s judgments on Italy, emphasised the ideological character of the war, and strengthened anti-Soviet themes, thus aligning the text with dominant cultural and political discourses of the postwar years. Analysis of contemporary reviews and newspaper debates highlights a polarised reception: critical distance or silence in intellectual journals contrasted with enthusiastic praise in mainstream dailies, where the memoirs were hailed as both literary achievement and democratic statement. The article argues that these editorial and translational strategies played a crucial role in integrating Churchill’s narrative into Italian collective memory, supporting a symbolic redefinition of Italy’s place from defeated nation to one of the victors.

Popular music culture has often featured in postwar British history as a site of tolerance and inclusivity, of multicultural exchange and anti-racist activism. This article, while not denying music's intersections with progressive causes, presents a different narrative. I use the pages of Britain's most prominent weekly music paper, the New Musical Express (NME), to demonstrate the important role that music has played in perpetuating wider processes of racialization in the late twentieth century. Surveying contestations over race in the mid-1980s and early 1990s, it highlights the ways in which popular music institutions such as the NME could function as sites of racial formation, reproducing the social power of whiteness even when providing space for what was often referred to as “black music.” The article underlines the degree to which popular music could produce hegemonically white cultural spaces, despite the diversity of musical culture at large. In so doing, it indicates the significance of popular culture for understanding patterns of racialization into the latter years of the twentieth century and beyond.

Authorship metrics are a key component of academic advancement. Given recent increases in the publication of collaborative, multiauthored articles, we examine patterns in the perceived gender of authors of peer-reviewed journal articles with five or more coauthors in 11 academic archaeology journals. Our results suggest consistent patterns in lead and last authors and in coauthors. Men are more likely to serve as both lead and last authors and to include far more men than women as coauthors on their publications. We consider the ways gender homophily, friendship networks, and other forms of often unintentional exclusion may have a negative impact on the careers of women and members of other marginalized communities in archaeology and propose recommendations to address these issues within the field. In addition to greater individual reflexivity around coauthorship decisions, we encourage the development of clear guidelines on author ascription by archaeological organizations and publishing outlets and advocate that institutions adopt both total publication and fractional publication counts as measures of individual productivity.

Predictive maintenance in safety-critical systems like turbofan engines increasingly relies on machine learning (ML) models to estimate remaining useful life (RUL), but the ‘black box’ nature of these models hinders their adoption and trustworthiness. While traditional ex-ante prognostic metrics (e.g. monotonicity, trendability) are used to pre-screen sensor data, a systematic comparison against the post-hoc explanations of what a model actually learns is lacking. We explore the application of SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) from explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to investigate feature importance in engine failure prediction using the second dataset of the Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation (CMAPSS). The preprocessing pipeline includes z-score normalisation of sensor data and the calculation of a health index (HI) to quantify system degradation. A power-law fit is applied to the HI to capture the underlying trends of engine wear and failure progression. We use the normalisation data to calculate prognostic feature selection metrics: monotonicity, trendability and prognosability. Then, we train two machine learning models – random forest (RF) regressor and gradient boosting (GB) method – directly from the raw data to predict the RUL based on the actual sensor readings. The SHAP values generated for both models are analysed to identify the features with the most significant impact on RUL predictions. By comparing the SHAP value distributions across models and prognostic predictors, we highlight feature robustness and their relative influence on engine degradation and failure prediction. This work provides insights into the interpretability of machine learning models in prognostics and enhances the understanding of sensor contributions to engine health monitoring. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of SHAP in elucidating feature importance, supporting the development of more transparent and reliable prognostic systems.

Human rights have served as a central normative framework for global health law, with the World Health Organization (WHO) providing an institutional foundation to implement human rights law through global health governance. In implementing human rights obligations, WHO has sought to bring human rights into its normative standard-setting to promote health equity—within and between countries. Yet, WHO faced challenges in realizing human rights to ensure equity in the COVID-19 response, as its member states violated individual rights and undermined global solidarity. Despite this imperative to strengthen human rights as a foundation for global health equity, recent reforms have failed to advance human rights meaningfully in global health law, as WHO member states weakened necessary human rights provisions. This essay examines new opportunities to strengthen human rights in global health, ensuring systemic integration across international legal regimes and human rights operationalization in the implementation of global health law.

The far right is becoming increasingly established worldwide and is now in its ‘fourth wave’, characterised by its mainstreaming and normalisation. Although more and more political science research focuses on these processes, we argue that this literature lacks conceptual clarity about what these terms mean, which actors are involved, and what effects these processes have. This article has two aims. First, we describe how mainstreaming and normalisation have been conceptualised and analysed in the existing literature. Building on this, we then introduce a conceptual framework for future empirical research and discuss three research avenues: more precise operationalisations of the mainstream/normal and non-mainstream/abnormal, more refined theories about different political actors, and a broader analytical perspective beyond immigration issues and national-level dynamics.

Maternal nutrition is critical for foetal brain development, and dietary polyphenolic compounds play an important role in mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotoxic damage. This narrative review explored the potential promotion of brain development by polyphenols such as resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, naringin, ferulic acid, genistein, and fisetin through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neurotrophic effects. The key molecular mechanisms are central to the advantageous actions of these polyphenols in the neurogenesis process. These compounds protect against neurodevelopmental challenges induced by maternal high-fat diet, immune activation, environmental toxins, and psychological stressors. However, their efficacy may depend on dosage, timing of administration, and maternal-foetal metabolic interactions, emphasising the need for personalised maternal nutrition strategies. Further research is needed to investigate the long-term effects and interactions of these compounds with other nutrients toward personalised maternal nutrition strategies. This narrative review presents the potential of polyphenols to support foetal brain health with an emphasis on their possible incorporation into maternal dietary interventions.

Cylindrical vector (CV) $\gamma$ rays can introduce spatially structured polarization as a new degree of freedom for fundamental research and practical applications. However, their generation and control remain largely unexplored. Here, we put forward a novel method to generate CV $\gamma$ rays with tunable hybrid polarization via a rotating electron beam interacting with a solid foil. In this process, the beam generates a coherent transition radiation field and subsequently emits $\gamma$ rays through nonlinear Compton scattering. By manipulating the initial azimuthal momentum of the beam, the polarization angle of $\gamma$ rays relative to the transverse momentum can be controlled, yielding tunable hybrid CV polarization states. Three-dimensional spin-resolved particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate continuous tuning of the polarization angle across $\left(-90{}^{\circ},\ 90{}^{\circ}\right)$ with a high polarization degree exceeding 60%. Our work contributes to the development of structured $\gamma$ rays, potentially opening up new avenues in high-energy physics, nuclear science and laboratory astrophysics.

This study examines how economic elites respond to the erosion of democratic checks and balances, focusing on the Japanese legislature from 1936 to 1942. Using an original dataset of Diet members’ biographies and board memberships, it analyzes the Imperial Japanese Army’s consolidation of power and shifts in parliamentary voting patterns amid the suppression of dissent. Employing difference-in-differences and event-study designs, this study evaluates the effects of two key shocks: economic sanctions and wartime procurement. Legislators tied to sanction-hit sectors—such as textiles and petrochemicals, the weakest performers in the stock market—shifted toward authoritarian alignment. Biographical and legislative records suggest this shift was facilitated by regime-backed campaign finance. In contrast, legislators from procurement-dependent sectors, such as automobiles, maintained stable voting behavior. The findings complicate the conventional view that sanctions prompt elites to advocate international policy change. Instead, they show that sanctions can drive vulnerable actors to submit domestically, thereby accelerating authoritarian consolidation.

There is a paradox at the heart of the emerging field of Global Health Law (GHL), which lies in the relationship between GHL and governance for global health (GHG). The field of GHL has garnered increasing interest since the COVID-19 pandemic, the revisions of the International Health Regulations of 2005 in 2024 (IHR),1 and the adoption of a Pandemic Agreement by the World Health Assembly in 2025.2 The editors of the recently launched Journal of Global Health Law aptly assert, “global health law is fragmented without a coherent body of standards. It includes legally binding and non-binding instruments adopted under the framework of the WHO and other relevant international institutions/organizations … and a range of hard and soft law standards recognized in other branches of international law.”3 GHG is defined here as: “the formal and informal structures, systems, and institutions through which actors: i) make decisions about global health standards, policies, and priorities; ii) finance, organize, and implement global health initiatives, programs, and plans; and iii) influence and engage with actors, systems, or institutions that lie outside the health sector but impact health.”4 Thus, the newly revised IHR—like the Pandemic Treaty when in effect—empowers the WHO to declare pandemic emergencies as well as Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEIC),5 which then trigger actions and reporting requirements on the part of national governments. In this example, the legal agreements themselves are GHL and the worldwide administration they call for are governance arrangements, which are noticeably lacking in accountability for global institutions and private actors.6

This article examines the construction of gendered collective identity among leftist women in Turkey through their post-1980 coup prison memory. By analyzing 124 autobiographical narratives, we uncover a process of identity formation grounded in a continuous negotiation between past struggles and present concerns, constituting a counternarrative that challenges the master narrative of defeat and submission prevalent after the coup. The article’s tripartite framework of distance, substance, and persistence underscores women’s journey from marginalization to collective empowerment, producing shifting subject positions across time. By placing temporality at the center of collective identity formation, this study contributes to feminist memory literature and identity studies while addressing a significant historiographical gap by bringing the neglected struggles of leftist women in Turkey to light.

When democracy is eroded by democratically elected incumbents, it is up to others to defend democracy and sustain the democratic institutions. An emerging body of research looks at the roles, challenges, and tactics of these democratic defenders, yet there is no research that explores under what circumstances civil servants move from bystanders to democratic defenders. I argue that civil servants are prime candidates to defend democracy against incumbent-led autocratisation, which I conceptualise as ‘administrative democratic defence’. Based on in-depth, semi-structured elite interviews in the Netherlands, I argue that administrative democratic defence only occurs when three dilemmas are successfully navigated: civil servants need to perceive they have the capability to recognise autocratisation, they need to perceive they have access to legitimate instruments to halt it, and they need to be willing to use those instruments. In addition, I show how a resilient democracy requires continued awareness and action on its part – even in a highly democratic and liberal context.

This study aims to address a critical gap in literature by examining the mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between mental health issues and food addiction among university students, contributing to the understanding of how stress management mechanisms affect addictive eating behaviours during this vulnerable period. A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted with 1947 students enrolled at a university in Istanbul during the 2024–2025 academic year. Data were collected online, using a Personal Information Form, the Depression-Anxiety-Stress-21 Scale (DASS-21), the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (Brief COPE) and the Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0). Data were analysed using Pearson’s correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and PROCESS Macro Model 4. Moderate, positive and statistically significant correlations were observed between depression, anxiety and stress levels and food addiction (r = 0·398–0·417; P < 0·001). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that mental health issues explained 20·8 % of the variance in food addiction scores. Mediation analyses indicated that adaptive coping strategies (e.g. humour, acceptance and using instrumental social support) and maladaptive coping strategies (e.g. restraint coping, behavioural disengagement and suppression of competing activities) significantly mediated the relationship between mental health issues and food addiction. Mental health issues represent a substantial risk factor for food addiction among university students in metropolitan areas, influenced by their coping strategies. Promoting adaptive coping strategies and reducing maladaptive ones are essential for preventing food addiction. These findings underscore the need to integrate psychological support and stress management into intervention programmes targeting university students.