Immanuel Kant maintains that lying is always impermissible, since moral norms are categorical imperatives that admit of no exceptions. Yet this strict position conflicts with a widely shared intuition that lying may be permissible in certain exceptional cases. This article develops a revisionary Kantian proposal that accommodates this intuition while preserving the categorical character of moral norms. Central to this proposal is a default-and-exemption account of moral responsibility: The prohibition on lying applies universally, making agents morally responsible by default. This default condition, however, may be overridden if justifiable reasons for exemption exist.

Six volumes, 5,000 (double-columned) pages, 650 authors, 1,350 lemmata:1 how is such a behemoth to be reviewed? The first decision is to confine what follows to the hardcopy edition, which, while decidedly not portable, does permit random and intentional sampling, as well as reflection on the materiality of such an enterprise. Many users will probably access the digital version online, driven by its potential (not tested here) search facilities as well in pursuit of the internal cross-references, and perhaps by the promise of additional entries and regular updates; for the first of these desiderata, print-readers must turn to the table of contents which lists all the entries (vol. i, pp. v–xxxiii) and to the index (vol. vi. 578–823), on which more below.

Mathematical modeling projects consequences of disasters based on algorithms and parameters, with explicit assumptions that can be varied to explore potential variation in outcomes. Modeling of mechanical trauma, thermal burn, and ionizing radiation injuries due to nuclear detonations has been used at the Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (HHS/ASPR) to inform needs assessments for medical countermeasures. Physiological modeling for the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) projects outcomes of injury from ionizing radiation combined with mechanical trauma and/or thermal burns including effects on physical capabilities, which are used to evaluate the population consequences of nuclear detonations. Public health response modeling explores the effects of variation in operational practices such as triage and allocation of resources for treatment, which informs decisions and practices toward improvement in planning for response to nuclear detonations. Research can inform assumptions and algorithms of modeling, and strategic use of modeling can further inform planning for such topics as shielding, survival, and survivor behavior like sheltering and evacuation.

This article details the early twentieth-century emergence of chaplains in the New York Police Department (NYPD), the first police chaplains in the United States. Chaplains would eventually be seen as a crucial part of many American institutions, including the military and law enforcement, but initially the prospect of chaplains in the NYPD seemed strange, even a joke. Through attention to newspapers, published city records, and denominational publications, this article argues that police chaplains emerged when they did because the role helped the NYPD address two problems that were top of mind for its critics as it attempted to modernize and professionalize: officer misconduct and the department’s fraught relationship with certain religious communities. However, it also argues that chaplaincy roles offered a way for the NYPD to address these problems from within and on its own political and racial terms. These appointments bolstered the power of the department even as they cemented the link of police to emerging “tri-faith” conceptions of American religion.

We present the case of a 14-year-old male patient referred to paediatric cardiology for the incidental finding of a cardiac murmur and initially diagnosed with asymmetric septal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Due to deterioration in his functional class (NYHA II/IV), he was admitted to our institution for further evaluation. A hyperechoic mass measuring 35.7 mm × 39.4 mm was identified in the interventricular septum, with central vascularisation and a significant obstructive gradient in the right ventricular outflow tract (112 mmHg). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a highly vascularised lesion, hyperintense on HASTE, T1, and T2 sequences, with an extracellular volume of 67%, consistent with a cardiac haemangioma. Coronary CT angiography demonstrated perfusion by a septal branch of the left anterior descending artery. Given the anatomical involvement and the low feasibility of surgical management, cardiac catheterisation with embolisation of the septal branch using an Interlock Coil occlusion device was performed. Post-procedure angiography confirmed complete occlusion. Cardiac tumours in paediatrics are rare and generally benign, with haemangiomas being one of the least common neoplasms. Diagnosis relies on non-invasive imaging techniques, with echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging playing crucial roles. In this case, the combination of echocardiography, coronary CT angiography, and catheterisation allowed for a comprehensive characterisation of the lesion and the development of a therapeutic strategy while minimising risks. The patient remains stable under follow-up. This multidisciplinary approach optimises the management of paediatric cardiac tumours, enabling individualised therapeutic options.

Long-term pharmacological augmentation is central to care for treatment-resistant depression, yet until recently no adequately powered trials have examined it. With three such studies now published, we highlight the hope they offer for improving outcomes in this underserved population while highlighting caution in interpreting their collective findings without careful consideration of methodology and clinical context. We consider these issues and their implications for guiding more personalised treatment decisions aimed at sustained benefit in routine practice.

This work describes the design and validation of a one-size-fits-all assistive exoskeleton for the upper limb that is self-adjustable to the wearer subject. The assistance function is performed even if the joints of the exoskeleton are not aligned with the joints of the subject; therefore, it does not require personalized adjustments during the wearing phase. The device is composed of a distal articulated system with a prismatic interface towards the body segment and a flexible proximal architecture that shifts the actuation towards the pelvis to limit the alteration of the subject’s center of gravity. In vivo experiments in the laboratory demonstrate the ability to alleviate muscular effort, and home-based experiments in performing daily activities show excellent perceived usability and acceptability in an elderly population. Furthermore, a proposed biomechanical model estimates the ability of the exoskeleton to contain the joint constraint reactions in the subject during the assistance phase.