This article investigates the polyfunctionality of the Italian adverb pure ‘also’ and its relationship with post-modal meanings. Beside its prototypical use as an additive focus adverb, pure displays secondary uses which involve categories that fall within the post-modal domain, such as concessivity, speech act marking, and illocutionary modification. Drawing on newly extracted corpus data, this article shows (i) how the additive semantics of pure lends itself to cover different discourse-pragmatic functions, (ii) describes their features and the connections between them, and (iii) highlights patterns of semantic change. The results contribute to shed light on the internal structure of the post-modal domain and on the different development paths leading to it. Special attention has been given to illocutionary modification, both in terms of the range of functions which can be subsumed under this category and its position in a layered model of grammar.

A suite of Miaolingian to Furongian (i.e., traditional middle-upper Cambrian) trilobites are reported from the Abrigo Formation at exposures along Nugget Canyon and adjacent Peppersauce Canyon, Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA. These fossils are uncommon in the region because the unit predominantly comprises coarser-grained siliciclastic facies deposited near shoreface settings where fossils are not often preserved. Trilobites include Agnostidae gen. indet. sp. indet. and the ptychoparioids Ehmaniella sp. indet.; Neoblairella sp. indet.; Altiocculus sp. indet.; Arapahoia ransomei (Stoyanow, 1936); Bolaspidella sp. indet.; Bolaspididae gen. indet. sp. indet.; Brachyaspidion sp. indet.; Cedaria sp. indet.; Crepicephalus sp. indet.; Elburgia sp. indet.; Eldoradia linnarssoni (Walcott, 1884); Eldoradia prospectensis (Walcott, 1884); Iddingsia sp. indet.; Modocia centralis (Whitfield, 1877); Modocia cf. M. crassimarginata Rasetti, 1965b; Modocia oweni? (Meek and Hayden, 1861); Strigambitus cf. S. transversus Palmer, 1965; and Tricrepicephalus texanus (Shumard, 1861). The type specimens of Arapahoia ransomei and Arapahoia butleri (Stoyanow, 1936) are refigured and considered synonymous. This fauna spans the Ehmaniella to Crepicephalus biozones and the Dunderbergia Biozone; the last has not been previously reported from the Abrigo Formation. This biostratigraphy is calibrated by correlation with regional strata constrained by detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology, which provides ages that are consistent with the observed biozones. Considered together, these data help correlate the Abrigo Formation to more fossiliferous and offshore successions elsewhere in Arizona, Sonora, New Mexico, Texas, USA, and beyond.

Only six species of the genus Cylindrobulla have been described anatomically. A new species from Ghizo Island, Solomon Islands, is here described. It is the first anatomically described species from the South Pacific Ocean. The new species, Cylindrobulla ghizoensis sp. nov., has a thin, semi-transparent shell 2–6 mm long and a white head and foot, which are completely retractable inside the shell. The foot is slightly longer than the head. The uniseriate radula has numerous small (6–8 µm) teeth with a short central cusp only marginally longer than the few lateral cusps. The short penis has no stylet. A comparison of all described species of Cylindrobulla permits an emended genus diagnosis including a shell with a deep, oblique apical keel with excentric nucleus, a thickened edge of body whorl, a suctorial pharynx, and numerous (80–100+) small, uniformly sized radular teeth, including several formative teeth and a poorly defined ascus. Comparing the feeding structures of Cylindrobulla with those of other sacoglossans shows a pharynx with weaker musculature and teeth unsuitable for piercing algal cell walls, indicating a different feeding method.

How much did France pay for its colonial empire? Did colonies benefit from large transfers from French taxpayers and private investors, or were they, on the contrary, drained of their capital? This paper uses novel budgetary, private investment, and loan data to compute monetary flows between France and the colonies between 1833 and 1962. Public expenditure spent by France on the empire represented only 1.3 percent of its GDP, of which four-fifths was for the military. Trade balance deficits of French colonies were not counterbalanced by large public or private capital transfers from France to the colonies, but by military expenditure from the metropole. Overall, large sums of money were flowing from the colonies to the metropole, a “drain” representing a couple of percentage points of colonial GDP, making French colonies comparable to British India in the twentieth century.

Deficiency in vitamin D can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Yet, the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the serum proteome in subjects at risk of T2D remains unknown This proteomic analysis aimed to examine the correlations between serum proteins and 25(OH)D levels stratified as insufficient (<50 nmol/L), adequate (50–74.9 nmol/L), and optimal (≥75 nmol/L); and (2) to identify biological pathways linked to these proteins that may reduce T2D risk. In this crossover study, 25 hyperinsulinemic French-Canadian adults from the Quebec City metropolitan area (Canada) were evaluated at four timepoints: before and after 6 weeks of either adequate dairy intake (∼2 servings/day) or high dairy intake (≥4 servings/day). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured using an immunoassay and serum protein profiling was performed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Gene ontology analysis identified biological pathways. Dairy intake did not significantly change 25(OH)D serum levels. Nevertheless, in ten subjects with optimal 25(OH)D levels, positively correlated proteins were mainly involved in immunoglobulin-mediated immune response, regulation of blood coagulation, acute-phase response, and adaptive immunity. Negatively correlated proteins were enriched in classical complement activation, innate immune response, acute-phase response, and proteolysis. In six subjects with adequate 25(OH)D levels, correlated proteins were associated mainly with innate immune responses. No significant biological pathway enrichment was observed in subjects with insufficient 25(OH)D. Overall, individuals with higher or optimal serum 25(OH)D levels exhibit a greater number of proteins enriched in various immune system response pathways, processes known to influence T2D development.

An $[s,t]$-graph is a graph in which every induced subgraph on s vertices contains at least t edges. Li and Wang [‘Hamilton cycles in $2$-connected $[5,3]$-graphs’, J. Inn. Mong. Norm. Univ. Nat. Sci. 35(3) (2006), 285–287] investigated the Hamiltonicity of $[5,3]$-graphs, and more recently, Liu and Liu [‘On the pancyclicity of $2$-connected $[5,3]$-graphs’, Discrete Applied Mathematics 389 (2026), 323–334] studied their pancyclicity. In this note, we continue this line of research by studying the Hamiltonian-connectedness of $[5,3]$-graphs.

The nonlinear behaviour and parameter coupling inherent in gas turbine engines pose persistent challenges in the development of accurate thrust prediction models for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) propulsion systems. This study investigates the application of ensemble regression methods to address these complexities and enhance predictive accuracy using experimental data obtained under controlled test conditions. The evaluated models include bootstrap aggregating (bagging), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), CatBoost, stacked generalisation (stacking) and a voting regressor ensemble. Each model was trained and evaluated using experimentally measured thermodynamic and operational parameters across a range of engine operating conditions. Cross-validation results revealed that stacking achieved the lowest prediction errors with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0635 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.0442, while AdaBoost demonstrated a very high cross-validated coefficient of determination (${R^2}$) of 0.9998. CatBoost achieved ${R^2}$ values above 0.99, and voting produced ${R^2}$ values close to 0.99. LightGBM exhibited comparatively higher prediction errors and greater variability across folds. These results indicate the potential effectiveness of stacking and adaptive boosting approaches for thrust estimation in UAV gas turbine propulsion systems, while also demonstrating that ensemble performance depends strongly on algorithm selection and dataset characteristics.

Research shows that quotas and feminist movements impose gender mandates on congresswomen, shaping their legislative outputs. However, this scholarship treats women as a homogeneous collective, rendering invisible intragroup differences. This article addresses this gap by asking how gender quotas shape the representation of marginalized women’s interests in contexts characterized by strong gender mandates. Analyzing the Chilean case, I compared the legislative terms pre (2014–18) and post (2018–22) quota. First, I examined how many marginalized women entered Congress in each cycle. Then, I reviewed the contents of all laws and bills on gender issues and marginalized groups sponsored by the congresswomen, to determine how well they represented marginalized women’s needs. Finally, I analyzed who were the main sponsors of intersectional legislation. The findings indicate that marginalized women’s interests, though better represented after the quota implementation, remained a marginal portion of congresswomen’s legislative output.

People who seek advice about their mental health or help with their psychological distress may use complex metaphors to communicate. It can be helpful for psychiatrists to be attuned to the details of people’s language. In this brief article, we offer two vignettes to illustrate how metaphors can open up understanding in psychiatric practice.

More than a million fish bones have been analyzed from the faunal assemblages in shell middens that mark the location of ancestral Indigenous settlements on the shores of the central reaches of the Salish Sea. Salmon bones, which account for 38% of the identifiable fish remains, are most abundant close to the main migration route of Fraser River sockeye and pink salmon. Salmon bone abundance in the “Marpole” cultural phase from 2400 to 1200 cal BP varies in concert with activity levels at salmon-fishing locations upstream on the Thompson River, peaking in the interval of maximal local marine productivity from about 1650 to 1350 cal BP. Summed probability distributions (SPDs) derived from the radiocarbon catalogs of coastal sites either echo the Thompson River pattern or are contrapuntal. The concordant SPDs suggest that Salishan population dynamics on the sockeye migration route reflect the relative success of the salmon fishery. The contrapuntal patterns are restricted to bays and inlets off the main sockeye and pink salmon migration route and may reflect the movements of Salishan people responding to a dearth of salmon by resettling in locales with a less volatile resource base.