Growing evidence supports early eating to control appetite and energy balance but there are few controlled studies to assess the amount and/or type of breakfast meal. This randomised, within-participant, diet intervention examined the effects of higher-fibre (HF) and higher-protein (HP) breakfasts in adults with overweight/obesity. Nineteen healthy adults consumed two randomised 28-d weight loss (WL) diets, as higher-fibre (HFWL) or higher protein (HPWL), with all food provided. Both WL diets were designed as 45 %, 35 % and 20 % of calories to be consumed in the morning, afternoon and evening, respectively. The primary outcome was energy balance, analysed by body weight changes. The secondary outcomes were gut health (assessed by changes in faecal microbiota composition and microbial metabolite concentrations) and subjective appetite assessed with visual analogue scales. There was a diet effect on WL, with mean loss of −4·87 kg and −3·87 kg for the HFWL and HPWL diets, respectively (P = 0·002). The HPWL diet was superior to the HFWL diet for suppressing subjective appetite (P = 0·003). The faecal microbiota analysis showed beneficial groups of bacteria, including bifidobacteria, and the butyrate producers Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, were significantly increased in proportional abundance on the HFWL diet. Breakfast composition has an important role in influencing subjective appetite with the HP diet promoting greater feelings of satiety. The proportional abundance of putatively beneficial groups of gut microbiota was markedly higher on the fibre-enriched diet, which may be preferable for gut health.

Luminescence dating has developed over the last ∼60 years as a powerful technique for placing environmental and anthropogenic change into a secure temporal framework. However, over time, many have forgotten, or were never introduced to, the history of how of the method developed, particularly the role of unique instruments built in-house that enabled key methodological advances. In this paper we provide a concise history of the technique’s evolution, drawing on our own experiences.

This study explored the relationship between dairy technology adoption (DTA), crop diversification and food security among smallholder farmers practicing mixed agriculture in Bason Werana Woreda, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region. A systematic sampling method selected 252 households from two randomly chosen government administrative areas (kebeles), proportional to size. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and an endogeneity-corrected recursive conditional mixed process regression model to examine bidirectional causation. Findings showed a 34% adoption rate of dairy technology, with improved housing and vaccination being the most common, while artificial insemination and improved breeds had the lowest adoption. The Herfindahl Iindex for crop diversification was 0.31, indicating a lower-middle level. Food security analysis, based on the Food Consumption Score, revealed that 78.57% of households were food secure, while 16.27% and 5.16% had borderline and poor food security, respectively. The regression results indicated that DTA significantly improves food security, and vice versa, but no causal relationship was found between these factors and crop diversification. The study identified key household-level and policy-related variables that are critical for enhancing DTA and addressing food insecurity. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of designing and promoting context-specific, locally optimal agricultural strategies that are closely aligned with household characteristics. Such alignment is essential for advancing dairy sector development and improving the welfare of smallholder farmers in Ethiopia.

Much is known about the factors that shape partisan campaign activism in the United States and other democracies. In contrast to this voluminous literature, political scientists have given relatively little attention to an emerging phenomenon in contemporary party politics: the mobilization via “emigrant party branches” of partisans living outside of the territorial borders of their native country. We address this gap in the literature through an analysis of Democrats Abroad—the official overseas arm of the US Democratic Party—during the 2024 election cycle. Drawing from an original two-wave panel survey of party members, we demonstrate that some of the forces that prompt campaign activism in the domestic United States hold for partisans overseas. At the same time, factors pertaining to the migration experience and settlement in another country also affect engagement in American campaigns. Most notably, we find that overseas Democrats who become integrated into the party system of their residential country are more likely to participate in American elections from the distance. This finding contributes a fresh perspective to models of political transnationalism and “campaign spillover” in electoral research—that is, the impact that partisan engagement in one context has on subsequent involvement in separate domains.

This article examines the many afterlives of the Tendaguru Expedition—a 1909–13 fossil excavation in the colony of German East Africa that unearthed the tallest mounted dinosaur in the world, still on display in Berlin. The long process of dinosaur assembly, which took more than three decades, meant that the Tendaguru project effectively outlived the German empire. Accounts of the expedition alongside the dinosaur exhibitions served as attempts to both theorize prehistoric life and write a history of the empire in terms compatible with the many twentieth-century German regimes that followed. These (re)negotiations of Tendaguru were reckoned with an ever-growing list of lost worlds: the prehistoric, the imperial, the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich, and the postwar Germanies. At stake in these dinosaur stories was not merely the progress of some neutral, apolitical, or abstract paleontological science but rather national pride, international authority, civilizational superiority, and imperial legitimacy.

This paper presents a broadband metasurface (MS) antenna designed through characteristic modes analysis. By introducing horizontal slots into a 3 × 3 MS array, a pair of degenerate modes is successfully separated and the dominant mode is reconfigured as TM10 mode. Optimizing feed position simultaneously excites the TM10 modes of both the patch antenna and the MS, expanding the −10 dB impedance bandwidth from 4.09–4.22 GHz to 3.45–4.5 GHz with a gain variation of less than 1.9 dB. Furthermore, a dual-port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is constructed by orthogonally arranging two elements. The exclusive TM10 mode enables inherent decoupling, achieving over 23.6 dB isolation. Measured results exhibit good agreement with simulations, demonstrating an operational band of 3.44–4.39 GHz, effectively covering the 5G NR (New Radio) n48 band.

Beginning with the public controversy over matters of conscience between William Gladstone and John Henry Newman in the nineteenth century, this article explores the significance of ‘conscience’ for moral theology in the Anglican tradition. Noting the genealogy of Newman’s thought and his debt to the eighteenth-century divine, Bishop Butler, the lecture also brings this tradition of thinking into conversation with more recent reflection about conscience in Roman Catholic moral theology. While ‘freedom of conscience’ is often emphasized in contemporary moral reflection, the lecture notes that ‘the obligations of conscience’ are also significant in the thought of Newman and others. The article considers the recent intervention on ‘Episcopacy and Conscience’ by the Faith and Order Commission of the Church of England, before ending with a series of questions about the place of moral formation in seminary education in the Anglican Communion: how might Newman’s thinking about conscience animate our understanding of the spiritual and moral formation offered to ordinands?

The study confirms a significant biogeographic extension of the goby species Drombus key (Smith) in Indian waters from the Western Indian Ocean to the Northern Bay of Bengal based on nine specimens collected from the mudflat region of the Bahuda estuary, Odisha. The transitional zone of the Bahuda estuary represents an active interface between marine and freshwater systems. The transitional zone experiences extreme salinity fluxes for which some dominant ichthyofaunal assemblages occur like gobies. The species D. key has the unique character of a triangular yellow mark before a black blotch on the pectoral fin upper base. The species was earlier reported from East Africa to Seychelles and Madagascar, and the present study reported the species for the first time from the Indian coast. Additionally, the species D. key has no genetic data in prior studies and this study also adds four COI gene barcodes of the species, which will contribute towards the potential use of the barcode data library.

This article explores how abortion was framed on Twitter as an issue during the 2022 midterm elections directly after the overturning of Roe v. Wade. By leveraging a dataset of all tweets sent by US House of Representatives candidates for two months prior to the midterm elections, this study examines how both gender and partisanship impacted the discussion of abortion and shows that partisanship drove the rhetoric surrounding this issue during those elections. Whereas women candidates in general were significantly more likely to discuss abortion than their male counterparts, Democratic women led the way and were more likely to use “women-invoked rhetoric” to frame the issue.

Several Monochamus species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) use monochamol as an aggregation-sex pheromone, raising questions about how they maintain reproductive isolation. Herbivorous insects use host plant semiochemicals as cues for mate location and, with or without habitat cues, these could confer reproductive isolation among sympatric Monochamus spp. To test this hypothesis, host and habitat preferences in mate location were examined for sympatric populations of Monochamus maculosus, Monochamus notatus, and Monochamus scutellatus in the Algoma District, Ontario, Canada. Field experiments were performed to investigate whether differences in host preference, vertical distribution across the forest canopy, spatial distribution within down and standing dead trees, or any combination of these factors could minimise cross-attraction to monochamol. Results showed that more M. maculosus were attracted to monochamol combined with jack pine foliage than with balsam fir or white spruce, whereas no differences in host attractivity were observed for the other species. Vertical abundance of M. maculosus and M. scutellatus was similar across forests. Spatial distribution provided limited evidence for species segregation within hosts. No evidence was found that host or habitat preferences contribute to reproductive isolation in M. maculosus, M. notatus, or M. scutellatus, suggesting that vertical distribution could be driven by resource availability.