People with disabilities represent a large, underutilized labor force, and while disability employment is increasingly recognized as a strategic human resource opportunity, reports on its value are fragmented. Existing research often emphasizes benefits for firms or employees with disabilities, overlooking other stakeholders and potential accompanying costs. This systematic review synthesizes 45 empirical studies published between 2000 and 2025, examining both benefits and costs across multiple stakeholders, value dimensions, and organizational positions. Findings reveal that most reported values were gain-related and firm-centered. Meanwhile, patterns of intra-stakeholder clustering and inter-stakeholder linkages highlighted the complex dynamics of shared outcomes. Four benefit–cost dynamics were identified, alongside evidence of occupational segregation in low-value job roles. By applying a multi-stakeholder framework, this review advances the human resource management literature, showing how disability employment can be leveraged strategically to create interconnected values, foster inclusion, and support sustainable workforce practices.

In this work we investigate the landscape of quasi-isodynamic (QI) stellarators using the near-axis expansion of the magnetic field. Building on recent theoretical developments, we construct a database of more than 800 000 stable, approximately QI vacuum magnetic configurations. These configurations span a range of field period numbers and other geometric control parameters, including the magnetic axis shape and plasma elongation. To evaluate each configuration, we use a broad set of measures, including effective ripple, sensitivity of the Shafranov shift to changes in plasma $\beta$, the prevalence of maximum-$\mathcal{J}$ trapped particles and the Rosenbluth–Hinton residual, among others. This enables an exhaustive, thorough and quantitative characterisation of the database. Statistical analysis and modern machine learning techniques are then employed to find correlations and identify key descriptors and heuristics to help understand tendencies that govern the behaviour of numerical optimisation. The database provides baseline configurations for further studies and to serve as tailored initial conditions for optimisation. With this work we initiate a long-term program to complete a systematic exploration of QI stellarator design space.

One of the ways in which healthcare’s climate impact can be reduced is by taking greenhouse gas emissions into account when deciding which treatments are reimbursed and/or included in clinical guidelines. In a report for the Minister of Health, Welfare, and Sports in the Netherlands, we explored how this idea could be put into practice. We developed a set of two criteria: greenhouse gas emissions per patient (which can be compared to, for example, QALYs gained), and total amount of greenhouse gas emissions for all patients undergoing the intervention (which can be compared to, e.g., healthcare’s remaining carbon budget). In the coming three years, the National Health Care Institute will use these criteria in an experimental setting, to gain practical experience and to assess whether there is sufficient support among policy makers, practitioners, and patients for taking into account climate impact regularly.

Research on German modal particles (MPs) has long noted their tendency to occur in combination with one another. Prior studies have investigated this phenomenon relying mostly on qualitative and introspective methods. The present article demonstrates the benefits of employing quantitative methods to investigate MP combinations. In a corpus-linguistic study of spoken German, we address the question of ordering tendencies within these sequences, as well as the question of co-occurrence, that is, which MPs exhibit a tendency to combine with which others. Based on the results obtained we point out how longstanding questions on MP combinations may profit from the quantitative methods employed.*

The overarching principle of humanity in international humanitarian law (IHL), which entails the prohibition of unnecessary suffering, the right to humane treatment and respect for human dignity during armed conflicts, constitutes a key guiding principle for the conduct of hostilities. As military decision-making becomes increasingly determined by artificial intelligence (AI), and the growing use of AI-enabled systems in modern warfare raises ethical and legal concerns over the erosion of human oversight and increasing civilian harm, the principle of humanity offers a critical perspective for assessing whether these technologies preserve or undermine the human-centred foundations of IHL.

This article interrogates whether the use of AI decision support systems (AI-DSS) in armed conflict poses a threat to or reinforces the principle of humanity in IHL. It analyzes the principle of humanity within the framework of IHL, focusing on its legal relevance and broad scope of application in its purpose of protecting life and health and ensuring respect for the human person. From there, the article delves into the challenges and opportunities that the use of AI-DSS presents in the conduct of hostilities for the fulfilment of the principle of humanity in compliance with IHL. The article concludes that it is necessary to adopt a normative framework for the responsible use of AI under IHL and proposes a set of guiding principles and standards grounded in the principle of humanity to ensure that AI is developed and deployed in a more ethical and responsible manner during warfare.

Previous research shows that speakers use prosody to disambiguate between string-identical canonical information questions and noncanonical questions conveying surprise. In this study, we investigated whether the prosodic cues produced by speakers are enough for naïve listeners to distinguish between the two readings of two distinct question structures in French that can express either a request for information or an emotive reaction of surprise: ‘qu’est-ce que’ and ‘c’est quoi ce NP’ questions. This article provides experimental evidence that listeners can in fact disambiguate between the two interpretations based on prosodic cues alone, in particular the contour and the duration of the question word.

The genus Canoparmelia Elix & Hale contains c. 40 species, predominantly occurring in tropical and subtropical regions. The genus is characterized by having relatively narrow, subirregular lobes with rotund or subrotund eciliate margins, a pored epicortex, the presence of isolichenan in the cell walls, bifusiform conidia, and simple rhizines (Elix 1993; Crespo et al. 2010b). Phylogenetically, it belongs to the Parmotrema clade of parmelioid lichens (Crespo et al. 2010b). Since its original circumscription (Elix et al. 1986), species have been transferred to other genera, including Austroparmelina A. Crespo et al. (Crespo et al. 2010a), Crespoa (D. Hawksw.) Lendemer & B. P. Hodk. and Parmotrema A. Massal. (Crespo et al. 2010b; Hawksworth 2011; Lendemer & Hodkinson 2012; Kirika et al. 2016). In addition, some species of the genus Crespoa are morphologically similar to certain Canoparmelia species, which leaves uncertainty regarding the identification of the samples.