The consensus on the need to regulate artificial intelligence is clear, but the how remains elusive. Private regulation, as proposed by the tech industry itself, and state regulation, as embodied in the recent EU Artificial Intelligence Act, are two common forms of governance. We advance a third option that has received very little attention to date: professional regulation. Professional regulation is modeled after hybrid public-private regulatory structures found in medicine, such as those put forth by the American Medical Association. Such governance schemes develop both technical and ethical standards, shaping professional training, continuing knowledge, and conduct. We contend that it is the most practical means of ensuring the development of human-centered AI in an era of rapid technological change and intensely opposing views of what regulation ought to do. This article places the responsibility of acting ethically on the group that knows the technology best and can anticipate its effects: AI developers. But unlike other voluntary standards, professional regulation articulates and enforces standards to certify individuals. Professional licensing is an alternative that provides public protections based on privately developed standards that ensure the safety of AI prior to their release.

A high serum total cholesterol (TC) concentration is a major risk factor for CVD, and lifestyle modifications including a healthy diet are among the first-line strategies for lowering cholesterol concentration and reducing CVD risk. Several studies in rodents have demonstrated a lower circulating TC concentration after intake of cetoleic acid (CA, C22:1n-11). The primary aim was to investigate the effect of consuming herring oil (HERO) containing CA or a CA concentrate (CECO) on the circulating TC concentration in obese hypercholesterolaemic rats. Secondary aims included investigating effects of CA on a selection of hepatic enzymes and receptors involved in cholesterol metabolism, lipogenesis and VLDL assembly. Thirty male obese Zucker fa/fa rats were fed a diet containing either HERO or CECO, containing 0·70 or 1·40 wt% CA, respectively, or a Control diet with soyabean oil for 5 weeks. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. The serum TC concentration was lower in the HERO and CECO groups compared with the Control group (17 and 20 percent, respectively). Both the HERO and the CECO diets down-regulated de novo lipogenesis, cholesterol esterification and lipidation of VLDL in the liver compared with the Control diet, but did not affect the hepatic cholesterol synthesis, the LDL receptor or the faecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids. To conclude, rats fed the HERO or CECO diets had a lower serum concentration of TC, probably as a result of down-regulated VLDL secretion in response to lower lipogenesis. This may have relevance for lowering TC in hypercholesterolaemic humans.

Jacques Maritain draws from the wisdom of Thomas Aquinas in order to distinguish between art and prudence and to argue for the indirect influence of morality on art. He extends Thomas’s notion of knowledge by connaturality or affective knowledge, as it is sometimes called, to the domain of art and poetry. Maritain’s move here is certainly innovative, for in Thomas this sort of knowledge is principally applied to the realm of morality whereby the cultivation of virtue leads a person to spontaneously know how to act, creating, as it were, a second nature in the person. For Maritain knowledge by connaturality has fallen into oblivion and needs to be restored; he explains creative intuition as a form of connatural knowledge that regards not only the knowledge of things to be expressed in the artist’s work but also the subjectivity of the artist in whom things are grasped through affective resonance. It seems that for Maritain creative intuition is conditioned by the degree to which the artist takes a disinterested stance with respect to his own ego; if he does not, then the work of art is in jeopardy as is also the beauty to which art tends.

Positioning Indian and Iranian elite tourists to the Tokugawa pilgrimage town of Nikko in relation to their European and American counterparts, this article shows how Meiji-era modern hotels served as mechanisms for an informal and amateur mode of learning about Japanese culture. What enabled Nawwab Hamid Ali Khan, Maharajah Jagatjit Singh, Mehdi Qoli Hedayat, and Ali Asghar Khan to visit the inland shrine town was its integration into the modern tourist infrastructure of the Meiji period by way of the rail connection to Tokyo; the construction of the Kanaya Hotel; and the availability of guides and guidebooks. Consequently, Nikko—and the Kanaya Hotel in particular—functioned as venues for pioneering Indian and Middle Eastern encounters with ‘authentic’ Japanese culture, subsequently published in Urdu and Persian. Japan’s ties to a global tourist system of hotels, restaurants, guides, guidebooks, postcards, photographs, and souvenirs thus contributed not only to Euro-American Japonisme, but also to nascent Indian and Middle Eastern appreciations of Japanese culture.

This paper re-animates debates over the unsettled relationship between jazz and popular music through an exploration of the recent ‘London jazz explosion’. It explores the framing of London jazz’s mainstreaming as counter-hegemonic in press/promotional coverage, showing how the prominence of Black musicians and Black popular musics in ‘new London jazz’ is widely interpreted as a rejoinder to perceived elitism and institutional whiteness in British and European jazz ‘establishments’. It also examines interpretations of the scene’s relative commercial success as a meaningful reversal of jazz’s institutionalisation as art music since the 1980s. I define this discourse as ‘jazz populism’, through which the very fact of the scene’s mainstream appeal is used to promote London jazz as a musical – and cultural-political – ‘alternative’. The paper provides overdue analysis of a significant development in 2020s European popular music, and deepens our understanding of the complexities of contemporary musical mainstreams.

We show that for a minimal system $(X,T)$, the set of saturated points along cubes with respect to its maximal $\infty $-step pro-nilfactor $X_\infty $ has a full measure. As an application, it is shown that if a minimal system $(X,T)$ has no non-trivial $(k+1)$-tuples with arbitrarily long finite IP-independence sets, then it has only at most k ergodic measures and is an almost $k'$ to one extension of $X_\infty $ for some $k'\leqslant k$. In particular, for $k=1$, we prove that $(X,T)$ is uniquely ergodic (even regular with respect to $X_\infty $), which answers a conjecture stated by Dong et al [Infinite-step nilsystems, independence and complexity. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys. 33(1) (2013), 118–143].

Political parties play important roles in contemporary and historical contexts. With the digital turn in the humanities, historians and, increasingly, political scientists are turning to party archives for doing comparative analysis. Party archives provide unique insights on the role of party structures, actors, motivations, and discourses in real time. Yet despite their institutional and scholarly importance, comparative analysis is difficult given the heterogeneous landscape of party archives. This article aims to facilitate comparative analysis. We show that the establishment of different types of party archives follows distinct motivations before we link common obstacles (location, content, searchability, and usage) arising in comparative archival work to them. These obstacles’ severity is often connected to the type of archive, where personal and scholarly archives mark the extremes. The findings can help scholars gain deeper, broader, and, above all, comparable insights about political parties.

Why would a strong authoritarian state choose not to enforce its own policy? We extend the theory of forbearance to autocracies, highlighting its distinct incentives and characteristics. Using China’s social insurance policies as a case study, we argue that promotion-driven local officials under intense interjurisdictional competition allow firms to evade payroll taxes to boost economic performance and advance their careers. This effect is most significant among domestic private firms and foreign firms. We conduct one of the first systematic analyses of firm-level social insurance contributions in an authoritarian context, supplemented by individual-level survey data. Our findings show that bureaucratic forbearance of China’s social insurance policies has a pro-business bias, undermining the policies originally designed to address inequalities during market reforms.

In this paper, I explore the poetic virtue of filmmaking. In the first part, I look at the virtue of art more generally, drawing on Catholic philosopher Jacques Maritain’s Aquinas-inspired conception of poetic virtue. In the rest of the paper, I then map Maritain’s poetic virtue onto the artform of the moving image, its processes of production and reception. Here, I show how poetic intuition is conceived by filmmakers such as David Lynch and translated into the realities of filmmaking in the Sci-Fi mystery thriller, The Silent Messenger, in which I was involved in as producer and performer. Enlisting the help of film philosopher Alain Badiou and film phenomenologist Vivian Sobchack, I claim that for the poetic virtue of film to come into full presence, both filmmaker and viewer need to take responsibility for their moral capacity for gaze. It is only when the viewer loses themselves (their self) in the shared sight of the filmmaker, and the artist respects the audience’s own intellectual creativity, that film can teach us that seeing is always a relational enterprise, one that brings our human relationships – in all its tragedy and beauty – into shared vision.

We develop generalized Petersson/Bruggeman-Kuznetsov (PBK) formulas for specified local components at non-archimedean places. In fact, we introduce two hypotheses on non-archimedean test function pairs $f \leftrightarrow \pi (f)$, called geometric and spectral hypotheses, under which one obtains “nice” PBK formulas by the adelic relative trace function approach. Then, given a supercuspidal representation $\sigma $ of $\operatorname {\mathrm {PGL}}_2(\mathbb Q_p)$, we study extensively the case that $\pi (f)$ is a projection onto the line of the newform if $\pi $ is isomorphic to $\sigma $ or its unramified quadratic twist, and $\pi (f) = 0$ otherwise. As a first application, we prove an optimal large sieve inequality for families of automorphic representations that arise in our framework.