The confirmatory factor analysis technique was used to quantify a latent variable for test-day lactation performance (TDLP) in the first parity of Chinese Holstein dairy cows by applying five measurable traits, including test-day milk yield (TDMY), test-day milk fat percentage (TDFP), test-day milk protein percentage (TDPP), test-day somatic cell score (TDSCS) and test-day milk urea nitrogen (TDMUN). The standardised factor loadings of TDMY, TDFP, TDPP, TDSCS, and TDMUN for describing TDLP were 0.46, −0.52, −0.70, −0.14 and −0.19, respectively. Genetic analysis was conducted using a multivariate repeatability model within a Bayesian framework. The posterior means for the heritability and repeatability estimates of TDLP were 0.26 ± 0.02 and 0.34 ± 0.02, respectively. In general, posterior means for heritability and repeatability estimates of the measurable traits were low to medium. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.05 for TDSCS to 0.28 for TDPP, and repeatability estimates ranged from 0.15 for TDMUN to 0.38 for TDMY. The latent variable of TDLP exhibited positive genetic (0.62) and phenotypic (0.40) correlations with TDMY, whereas its genetic and phenotypic correlations with other measurable traits were negative, ranging from −0.96 (TDLP–TDPP) to −0.11 (TDLP–TDSCS). The corresponding phenotypic correlations ranged from −0.85 (TDLP–TDPP) to −0.07 (TDLP–TDSCS). It may be concluded that breeding for higher TDLP might increase TDMY but could reduce milk composition traits. In general, the negative genetic and phenotypic correlations suggest a trade-off between milk quantity (yield) and quality (composition).

We present several combinatorial properties of semiselective ideals on the set of natural numbers. The continuum hypothesis implies that the complement of every selective ideal contains a selective ultrafilter, however for semiselective ideals this is not the case. We prove that under certain hypothesis, for instance, $V=L$, there are semiselective ideals whose complement does not contain a selective ultrafilter, and that it is also consistent that the complement of every semiselective ideal contains a selective ultrafilter; specifically, we show that if $V=L$ then there is a generic extension of V where this occurs. We present other results concerning semiselective ideals, namely, an alternative proof of Ellentuck’s theorem for the local Ramsey property, and we prove some facts about the additivity of the ideal of local Ramsey null sets, and also about the generalized Suslin operation on the algebra of local Ramsey sets.

Vitamin D deficiency is a common nutritional problem in exclusively breastfed infants. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a rare but potentially fatal complication of this condition. We describe a 15-month-old who presented with cardiogenic shock. Laboratory and radiographic findings were consistent with vitamin D deficiency. Metabolic parameters normalised within one week and echocardiography normalised by 19 months after supplementation. Although rare, severe vitamin D deficiency must be on the differential for young children presenting with new-onset dilated cardiomyopathy. Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for vitamin D deficiency in at-risk populations to prevent potentially life-threatening complications.

This text addresses the materiality of radio art, situating it within the theoretical frameworks of contemporary research on new materialism as well as the materiality of media and sound. The analysis employs perspectives from Christoph Cox’s sonic materialism and approaches by such writers as Salomé Voegelin, Gregory Whitehead, Allen S. Weiss and Margaret Hall, who emphasise the ontological autonomy of sound and its impact on space and listeners. A critical close reading of the relevant literature is conducted with regard to its applicability to radio art. The article analyses radio art practices structurally and phenomenologically across composition, reception, materiality and technology, aligning with practice-informed media analysis. The author’s aim is to outline and systematise diverse theoretical approaches and frameworks that capture the materiality of radio being, as well as to reveal the ways in which the radio medium co-creates artistic sound reality. The results of the literature and artistic practice analysis highlight the significance of sound’s materiality and its relational character, indicating that sound does not exist in isolation but in interaction with the environment, technology and listener. Consequently, seven dimensions of radio art materiality are delineated, which integrate existing concepts and provide a comprehensive perspective on radio artistic works.

In the twenty-first century, leftist politics has taken a turn toward antiwork philosophy and postwork imaginaries. These politics critique not only the work-centered capitalist society but also challenge the “productivist ethics” of other leftist traditions. A popular variation of this antiwork/postwork politics calls for full automation, the replacement of as much human labor as possible with technological alternatives. Positioning work as a realm of unfreedom, these thinkers argue that human liberation can only be achieved in a world with less work. This article reads Oscar Wilde’s “The Soul of Man Under Socialism” (1891) as a precocious articulation of a postwork imaginary that demands full automation. In response to contemporaries like William Morris, who argued that capitalism had severed humanity from a natural affinity for work, Wilde expresses an antiwork position, arguing that humanity was made for contemplative leisure and creative expression. Thus, automated labor becomes a key element of his utopian vision. Though Wilde formulates a necessary critique of a Victorian radical politics that was decidedly prowork, his postwork utopia is based on a troubling premise: “civilization requires slaves.” In reading twenty-first-century postwork thinkers alongside Wilde, we find the same premise still subtly operative within this politics.

We explore the effects of fiscal policy shocks on aggregate output and inflation. We use the Bayesian econometric methodology of Baumeister and Hamilton applied to the fiscal structural vector autoregressive model to evaluate key elasticities and fiscal multipliers using U.S. data. In our baseline specification that ends before Covid pandemic, the government spending multiplier is equal to approximately $0.57$ and tax multiplier is approximately $-0.35$ after one year. The short-term output elasticity of government spending is statistically insignificant and the output elasticity of taxes is approximately equal to $2.26$.

Previous research has highlighted that supplementing standard group-level event-related potential analyses with assessments of individual variation can enhance our understanding of language-related brain activity. The present study pursues this approach by examining bilingual speakers’ brain responses to morphologically complex word forms in both their native (German, L1) and their second language (English, L2). We tested 108 bilingual speakers using an ERP violation paradigm examining overapplications of regular verb inflections (‘regularizations’) and of irregular ones (‘irregularizations’). We found a striking L1/L2 contrast within the same bilingual speakers, a left-anterior negativity for regularizations in the L1 and a positivity (P600) for both violation types in the L2. Consistent with previous research, individuals’ brain responses were found to vary along negativity-/positivity-dominant effects. However, the crucial L1/L2 contrast in participants’ brain responses to regularizations was stable across individual differences. We conclude that linguistic constraints, that is, violation type and language status (L1 vs. L2), limit individual variability.

Glutamatergic neurons represent 40% of neurons in the human central nervous system. Glutamate accounts for approximately 90% of all excitatory neurotransmitters. Previous research reports the presence of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors on neurons that produce glutamate. Herein, we aim to evaluate whether GLP-1 receptor agonists’ (GLP-1 RAs) modulate glutamatergic signaling and whether GLP-1 RAs’ anti-obesity effects are mediated through the glutamatergic system. We conducted a systematic review of extant literature published on PubMed, Ovid and Scopus databases from inception to March, 2025. Identified studies were screened independently by two reviewers (S.W. and G.H.L.) using the Covidence platform. We sought to include in vitro, in vivo, and human clinical studies. A total of 31 studies were identified as meeting eligibility for an inclusion in this review. No human studies were identified. Across the included preclinical and pharmacologic studies, GLP-1 RAs were associated with increased glutamate release, NMDA/AMPA receptor activation and increased release of neurotrophic factors associated with neurogenesis, neurodifferentiation, and synaptic plasticity. In addition, GLP-1 RA-induced suppression of food intake was reported to be dependent on AMPA, but not NMDA, receptor signaling. The effect of GLP-1 RAs on feeding behavior is mediated via central glutamatergic signaling. A comprehensive mechanistic framework mediating GLP-1 RA activity implicates crosstalk between GLP-1 and ionotropic glutamate receptors. The aforementioned trends instantiate a need to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of GLP-1 RAs for disparate neuropsychiatric disorders. Conducting target engagement studies of GLP-1 RAs with the glutamatergic system in humans is a future research vista.

The marked Hawkes risk process is a compound point process where the occurrence and amplitude of past events impact the future. Since data in real life are acquired over a discrete time grid, we propose a strong discrete-time approximation of the continuous-time risk process obtained by embedding from the same Poisson measure. We then prove trajectorial convergence results in both fractional Sobolev spaces and the Skorokhod space, hence extending the theorems proven in Huang and Khabou ((2023). Stoch. Process. Appl. 161, 201–241) and Kirchner ((2016). Stoch. Process. Appl. 126(8), 2494–2525). We also provide upper bounds on the convergence speed with explicit dependence on the size of the discretization step, the time horizon, and the regularity of the kernel.

Renewed interest in supersonic air travel has prompted researchers to reconsider the design and operation of supersonic transport aircraft. Previously, such aircraft were restricted to overwater routes due to the disturbances caused by their sonic booms. Now, however, low-boom designs and overland flight at marginally supersonic Mach numbers are seen as potential enablers for widespread supersonic air travel. As a result, the trajectories that next-generation supersonic transports may fly are likely to be less constrained than for previous types, and in the last decade there has been a noticeable increase in research focusing on trajectory planning for such aircraft. This paper reviews the different methods that have been used to generate and optimise the flight paths of past and future supersonic transports. The challenges associated with optimising trajectories for aircraft that do not yet exist are discussed, and suggestions for future research activity are presented. Climate-optimal trajectory planning and development of detailed, non-proprietary supersonic aircraft performance models are identified as two key areas for future work.

We provide a first-order homogenization result for quadratic functionals. In particular, we identify the scaling of the energy and the explicit form of the limiting functional in terms of the first-order correctors. The main novelty of the paper is the use of the dual correspondence between quadratic functionals and PDEs, combined with a refinement of the classical Riemann–Lebesgue lemma.