Bishop Frank Weston’s The Black Serfs of Britain (1923) is a short pamphlet which critiques British colonial governance in East Africa in wake of the First World War. Much more difficult to obtain than its earlier sister volume, The Black Slaves of Prussia (1918), it sees Weston in a familiar combative vein. The two works are crucially important in gaining a fuller picture of Weston, his thinking and his legacy. Often remembered as an Anglo-Catholic contrarian, these political texts bring to the fore his Christian socialism and add crucial details to the journey which would famously lead to the Anglo-Catholic conference and his powerful injunction to serve Christ both in worship and social ministries. The text of The Black Serfs of Britain is printed in full with introductory material, commentary, and notes.

Human–wildlife conflicts are a growing global issue for wildlife, especially for large carnivores. The leopard Panthera pardus is generally solitary, shy and cryptic; however, human–leopard conflicts occur, including attacks on people. Attacks are generally rare throughout the majority of the species’ range, although in India they have been relatively high and are increasing. A high number of leopard attacks have been reported in the Kashmir region of India since 2000. These have been associated with the loss, fragmentation and degradation of leopard habitat as well as the scarcity of wild prey. We document leopard attacks in the Kashmir region during 2006–2023, examine causes for recent trends and discuss the challenge of coexistence. A total of 424 leopard attacks were reported, of which 312 (73.6%) resulted in injury and 112 (26.4%) in the death of the victim. The attacks were predominantly during February and September, and least during December and April. The peak number of attacks occurred during 10.00–10.59. The majority of the victims were 0–19 or 30–49 years old. Attacks by leopards were rarer than attacks by Asiatic black bears Ursus thibetanus in the same region during the same time period. However, a higher per cent of leopard attacks resulted in deaths. The number of attacks has been declining since 2009, with the exception of 2013. The reason for the decline is likely the removal of problem leopards, and the proactive measures of the Jammu and Kashmir Wildlife Protection Department and NGOs in the region.

Research consistently shows that migrants are considered less deserving of welfare than citizens, yet existing studies of this “deservingness gap” rarely account for heterogeneity within migrant populations or variation across social protection schemes. This article provides a more granular analysis of welfare deservingness by examining how migration status and scheme type jointly shape public support for migrant welfare access. Drawing on vignette experiments in Germany and the UK, we asked respondents to evaluate the deservingness of citizens and three migrant categories – those with residence permits, asylum seekers, and undocumented migrants – across four welfare schemes: unemployment benefits, emergency medical care, regular medical check-ups, and care for life-threatening illnesses. Our findings reveal substantial variation in deservingness judgments. While citizens are consistently rated as more deserving than all migrant groups, the deservingness gap varies substantially: undocumented migrants face the largest penalty, followed by asylum seekers, then migrants with residence permits. Crucially, these gaps are most pronounced for unemployment benefits but narrow considerably for healthcare services, particularly emergency and life-threatening care. We characterize these patterns as “segmented welfare chauvinism,” where public support for migrant welfare access is stratified by welfare scheme, contribution history, and legal status. These findings highlight the need for scholarship to move beyond treating “migrants” as a monolithic category and to consider how different dimensions of welfare provision activate distinct deservingness criteria.

Cette étude se concentre sur la dissidence linguistique du français mitchif, une variété en voie de disparition du français laurentien, parlée par un nombre diminuant de Métis de l’Ouest canadien. L’analyse se focalise sur l’utilisation des marqueurs de conséquence (ça) fait (que), donc, alors et so dans un corpus comprenant une cinquantaine d’entretiens recueillis au sein de la communauté métisse de Saint-Laurent, au Manitoba, durant les années 1980. Les résultats internes soutiennent l’hypothèse d’une parenté linguistique avec d’autres variétés du français laurentien. En parallèle, les données externes indiquent une nette dominance de la variante (ça) fait (que), renforçant ainsi le caractère fortement vernaculaire du français michif en comparaison avec d’autres variétés du français laurentien. Enfin, l’analyse d’extraits d’entrevues démontre que l’utilisation soutenue des variantes vernaculaires joue un rôle crucial en tant que marqueur identitaire, permettant aux locuteurs de revendiquer leur appartenance culturelle ainsi qu’une langue qu’ils perçoivent comme distincte de celle des autres francophones.

In this paper, we establish a lower bound for the maxima of derivatives of the Dedekind zeta function of a cyclotomic field on the critical line. Employing a double-version convolution formula and combined with special GCD sums, our result generalizes the work of Bondarenko et al. [‘A dichotomy for extreme values of zeta and Dirichlet L-functions’, Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 55 (2023), 2963–2975]. We also establish a lower bound via the resonance method when the real part is near the critical line; both of the above results refine parts of Yang’s [‘Extreme values of derivatives of the Riemann zeta function’, Mathematika 68 (2022), 486–510] work.

Predicting the terminus position of Greenland’s marine-terminating glaciers remains a major challenge for ice-sheet modeling. Improving model parameterizations requires understanding the dominant drivers of terminus change. Here, we employ the Liang–Kleeman information flow method to quantify the contributions of bed slope, sea-ice concentration, runoff, air temperature and ocean thermal forcing to changes in glacier terminus position and frontal ablation. We focus on three major marine-terminating glaciers, Jakobshavn Isbræ (JI), Kangerlussuaq Glacier (KG) and Helheim Glacier (HG), between 2000 and 2021. Our analysis reveals that atmospheric and oceanic forcings exert comparable influence on glacier retreat, with their causal effects demonstrating pronounced seasonal variability. These drivers dominate during the summer months while exerting minimal impact in winter. Analysis of ocean thermal forcing highlights the 0–100 m surface layer as the primary driver of terminus variability for JI and KG, underscoring the critical role of surface-ocean processes. Notably, despite theoretical relevance, bed slope at kilometer scales shows no significant causal influence, emphasizing the nonlinearity and complexity of topographic controls. Finally, we develop a parameterized statistical model that explains 53–66% of the variance in frontal ablation for the highly responsive JI and KG, but only 38% for the less sensitive HG.

Indigenous management theories often seek to evolve from context-specific explanations to broader theoretical contributions. Yet such expansion is frequently undermined by two recurring problems: meaning drift, where construct labels travel while their underlying meaning or measurement shifts, and mechanism slippage, where theories are stretched through post hoc moderators or rotating mediators rather than coherent causal explanations. This paper introduces a Gate-and-Expand framework that builds on Chen’s (2025) theory-evolution map and specifies two checkpoints for credible theoretical expansion. Gate 1 (Construct Portability) evaluates whether a focal construct retains comparable latent meaning and measurement across contexts. Gate 2 (Mechanism Transportability) examines whether a compact, pre-specified causal mechanism continues to explain outcomes and outperforms plausible rival explanations when the theory is extended. By clarifying evidentiary standards for expanding contextual and explanatory scope, the framework helps distinguish credible theoretical extension from overreach and supports more cumulative indigenous management research.

The rapid advance of the digital era – characterized by big data, artificial intelligence, and platform-based ecosystems – has fundamentally reshaped the landscape for Chinese technology ventures, demanding new approaches to strategic leadership, decision-making processes, and governance. Our special issue on Chinese technology ventures addresses these three distinctive challenges in the digital era. This editorial essay of the special issue first investigates the evolution of the innovation of Chinese firms over the past five decades, highlighting the interplay between technological development and government policy in driving the emergence and growth of Chinese technology ventures. Second, by examining the organizational dynamics shaped by technology and state involvement, this paper identifies how key characteristics of the digital era affect Chinese technology ventures on strategic leadership, decision-making processes, and governance. Finally, this essay introduces the articles in this special issue and proposes avenues for future research that underscore the critical importance of understanding strategic leadership, decision-making, and governance as an integrated system within the evolving digital landscape.

Debt and mutual lending connected members of the Roman elite in the late Republic, as part of (and in tension with) the bonds of friendship and political support. This article offers a fresh approach to understanding economics in Catullus’ Carmina, arguing that the poems show a consistent attention to the ubiquity of debt in the lives of their characters. By close readings of C. 5, 23, 41 and 103, I argue that Catullus shows us the effects of economic hierarchy on amicitia, but he also depicts his own persona trapped in a mindset of acquisition, profit and loss. Rather than constructing an urbane world sealed from financial pressures, Catullus’ poetry dramatises the transformative impact of debt on lives and emotions in the 50s b.c.e.

The All of Us Evenings with Genetics (All of Us EwG) Research Program, funded in part by the National Institute of Health’s All of Us Research Program, engages researchers to utilize the All of Us Researcher Workbench to advance precision medicine. The All of Us EwG program has two core aims: (1) address barriers to research productivity for minorities, disadvantaged, and persons with disabilities aspiring to enter STEM fields; and (2) promote the use of the All of Us Researcher Workbench to develop research focused on health equity. To achieve these goals, the program implements three key activities: (1) Campus Seminars: hosted at minority-serving institutions and smaller universities to connect faculty with the All of Us Research Program to showcase ongoing research; (2) Biomedical Researchers Faculty Summit: a multi-day conference for early career researchers to foster collaboration and train participants in using the All of Us database; and (3) Biomedical Researcher Scholars Program: A yearlong initiative supporting the research teams formed at the summit in implementing the research projects developed using the All of Us data. Overall, the All of Us EwG program offers data science training, mentorship, and professional development; this report outlines its structure, outcomes, and lessons learned.

Do retrospective and prospective messages about judicial candidates influence participation in individual state high court races? To answer this question, I examine the effect of television ads for judicial candidates on ballot rolloff in state high court elections from 2000 to 2018. I find that increased exposure to ads with higher proportion of retrospective messages has diminishing returns, as more exposure to these ads increases the average rolloff per judicial election and per judicial race. Despite concerns about candidates announcing what they will do once they are elected, I find no relationship between prospective messages and voter participation given increased exposure to ads containing such messages. These results suggest that exposure to a candidate’s record may both mobilize and fatigue voters, and that concerns about prospective rhetoric may be exaggerated.

The chances that existing taxa are replaced by new taxa decreases over Phanerozoic time, and older taxa persist for longer and longer. This long-term trend has been interpreted as resulting from repeated culling and non-replacement of groups with high turnover or, in other words, from long-term selection for extinction resistance. It is therefore assumed that taxon-specific properties are critical for this trend. However, taxa are part of higher-level ecological genealogical units that represent shared genealogies and histories of ecological interactions. Structural aspects such as the composition of the evolving eco-genealogical units as a possible explanation have received little attention.

Here we analyzed the temporal change within Phanerozoic benthic marine mega-assemblages (PMAs). PMAs are groups of marine animal genera delineated through hierarchical modular partitioning of a multilayer spatiotemporal network and interpreted as eco-genealogical units. For each higher-level PMA, we calculated how its median genus age, its richness, the evolutionary rates, and the spatial β-diversity changed over time. The resulting estimates support the assumption that the assemblages are meaningful eco-evolutionary units, because their temporal patterns differ from those of randomly chosen Phanerozoic time intervals.

PMAs differ from randomly chosen intervals in that the increase of genus age is associated with a decline in origination proportions and with increasing β-diversities. This contradicts the hypothesis of a simple Phanerozoic sorting toward extinction resistance and generalization. The observed pattern can be explained as a process of eco-evolutionary entrenchment resulting from conditioned assembly and weak within-lineage directionality toward specialization and geographic restriction.

Thomas Edward Cliffe Leslie is an influential figure in the Irish history of economic thought. This paper presents Leslie’s critical appraisal of British land systems and discusses his critique of the classical landed property reform. The paper illustrates the affinities between Leslie’s and John Stuart Mill’s economic thought regarding the Irish land question. Furthermore, it shows that Leslie’s support for small proprietorship in Ireland is regarded as a prerequisite for defending the Act of Union of 1800. Lastly, the paper argues that Leslie’s political economy of British land systems is a significant stream in the foundation of the Irish historical school and in the promotion of an alternative political economy.

Research on social projection shows that people overestimate the prevalence of their own views among others, significantly shaping their political behaviour. But existing studies focus on wealthy, information-rich democracies, rather than lower-income, uncertain settings where evaluating others is a high-stakes part of political life. Misperceiving others can constrain voters’ ability to coordinate, undermining access to public goods or efforts to overthrow dominant parties. Misestimating support for one’s party may also undermine acceptance of electoral loss. Using original survey data from Malawi, in a pre-registered fixed-effects design, we show that respondents perceive greater levels of local support for their own party and a higher prevalence of their own ethnic group. Politically engaged individuals also report higher levels of participation by those around them. These findings provide microfoundational insights into the study of political behaviour in low-income states and highlight several avenues for future work.

Globalisation and the multilingual turn in applied linguistics have exposed a persistent tension between learners’ linguistic repertoires and traditional monolingual pedagogies. It is out of this tension that translanguaging pedagogy (TP) emerged as an instructional framework grounded in translanguaging theory, witnessing a burgeoning empirical literature on its classroom value. However, the empirical evidence has failed to produce a coherent account of TP’s effectiveness in L2 education, as findings have exhibited considerable heterogeneity across instructional contexts, learner populations, and outcome measures. The present study sought to reconcile these inconsistent findings through a multilevel Bayesian meta-analysis of 108 effect sizes drawn from 40 independent studies among 3,145 learners. The pooled effect size of Hedges’ g = 1.014 (standard error = 0.138, 95% credible interval [0.748, 1.291]) establishes a positive and statistically credible effect of TP on L2 achievement. Moderator analyses identified educational level and target language skills as credible sources of heterogeneity, with tertiary-level learners and speaking outcomes yielding the largest effect sizes. Target language, linguistic distance, and treatment duration did not reach the posterior probability threshold for credible inference. These findings advance the theoretical understanding of TP and furnish an empirically grounded basis for instructional decision-making in L2 education.

We study Stackelberg equilibria (Bowley optima) in a monopolistic centralized sequential-move insurance market, with a profit-maximizing insurer who sets premia using a distortion premium principle, and a single policyholder who seeks to minimize a distortion risk measure. We show that equilibria are characterized as follows: In equilibrium, the optimal indemnity function exhibits a layer-type structure, providing full insurance over any loss layer on which the policyholder is more pessimistic than the insurer’s pricing functional about tail losses; and no insurance coverage over loss layers on which the policyholder is less pessimistic than the insurer’s pricing functional about tail losses. In equilibrium, the optimal pricing distortion function is determined by the policyholder’s degree of risk aversion, whereby prices never exceed the policyholder’s marginal willingness to insure tail losses. Moreover, we show that both the insurance coverage and the insurer’s expected profit increase with the policyholder’s degree of risk aversion. Additionally, and echoing recent work in the literature, we show that equilibrium contracts are Pareto efficient, but they do not induce a welfare gain to the policyholder. Conversely, any Pareto-optimal contract that leaves no welfare gain to the policyholder can be obtained as an equilibrium contract. Finally, we consider a few examples of interest that recover some existing results in the literature as special cases of our analysis.