Various strategies across food systems are needed for a systemic change, with dietary shifts representing a meaningful pathway – particularly in high-income nations. Plant-based analogues (PBA) that mimic animal-based foods represent a promising strategy to facilitate such shifts because they require minimal behaviour adjustments. This review aims to synthesise nutritional, health and environmental evidence on PBA by examining their benefits, challenges and research gaps to inform and support evidence-based policy and practice. PBA generally have lower greenhouse gas emissions, land use and water use than their animal-based counterparts. Nutritionally, PBA are complex, varying across product brands, product types, processing techniques and primary ingredients. The limited health evidence shows that consumption of plant-based meat analogues tends to be associated with positive health outcomes, while consumption of some plant-based drinks can be linked to micronutrient deficiencies. Fortified PBA can contribute to daily recommended intakes and sometimes provide more micronutrients than their animal-based counterparts, while also providing more fibre and less energy and saturated fat. Despite these potential benefits, debates persist around processing classifications and their health implications. Given this complex landscape, assessing what kind of role PBA could play in our food systems will demand product-specific evaluation, targeted dietary recommendations and expanding the range of healthier PBA. To advance the field and accelerate dietary shifts without unintended consequences, critical considerations include strengthening the nutritional evidence base, classifying PBA further for dietary recommendations and informed regulatory approaches, understanding processing effects and use of additives, and standardising environmental outcomes and research beyond single ingredients.

Speculative xenomusicology explores alternative music theories, imagining the physical and cognitive affordances of alien musical life. Exoplanets are actively studied in astronomy, and though there is no direct evidence of xenobiology, particularly of more advanced musical intelligences, potential alien music may still be considered in advance in the same way that exobiologists speculate on the conditions for alien life. In particular, a generative system is presented which creates imagined xenomusic based on altering human memory constraints and links the organisation of the sound to the parallel generation of an alien language. Microtonal pitch, complex rhythm, timbral material and spatialisation within putative alien architectures are all considered. This alien ‘analysis by synthesis’ can provide new musical adventures and new understanding of the possibilities of music theoretical space, regardless of any eventual ontological resolution of xenocultures.

What did the bishop of Montevideo Mariano Soler and the Chilean politician Carlos Walker Martínez wish to see in the East in the late nineteenth century? As representatives of an ultramontane culture, both travellers provide a perspective on global Catholicism from the Orient. Their journeys inspired reflections on prophecies, the biblical origins of the Americas and the challenges posed by science, liberalism and secularisation. Through an analysis of their works, this article examines the place of the Orient in their discourses and imaginaries, highlighting how they enrich our understanding of a shared Catholic and travel culture in South America.

Policymakers influence citizens’ behavior through language and through policy. In this study, we build on this distinction and use Large Language Models to study how fathers are talked about, i.e., portrayals of fathers, in parliamentary documents. The case is Sweden, a forerunner in policies encouraging an engaged father. Portrayals of fathers are related to policymaking and to fathers’ use of parental leave. The results show that an active fatherhood role dominates over a passive role in this type of documents, and that an active positive role dominates over an active negative role. However, over time (1993–2021) there is a narrowing of the gap between mentions of active positive and active negative fatherhood roles, which coincides with stalled developments in fathers’ use of parental leave. We conclude that portrayals of fathers are more mixed than expected and theorize about a signaling mechanism through which language surrounding fathers may influence their behavior.

As the conduit for approximately 99 per cent of digital communications globally, submarine cables are the backbone of the internet and modern digital societies. Amid global strategic competition, submarine cable network security has emerged as a central concern for states, ushering in a distinctive era of geopolitical-economic competition over these seabed networks. This paper focuses attention on state intervention in the form of ‘friendshoring’, which has increasingly dictated the control of information flows through submarine cable networks. A term that emerged during the Biden administration, ‘friendshoring’ refers to how states encourage firms to shift trade and supply chain networks to countries that are viewed as sharing political values. Using the Coral Sea Cable System, the East Micronesia Cable System, and Palau Spur Cable as case studies, this paper illuminates how and why these so-called like-minded states have sought to develop collective control of submarine cable networks – what we describe as ‘network centrality’ – by excluding ‘unfriendly’ states from the development of seabed cable networks in an increasingly contested maritime region. While states seek to ‘friendshore’ the seabed to reduce geopolitical and economic risks and enhance influence in smaller countries, the practice contributes to reifying strategic competition and global economy bifurcation.

Given a continuous linear cocycle $\mathcal {A}$ over a homeomorphism f of a compact metric space X, we investigate its set $\mathcal {R}$ of Lyapunov-Perron regular points, that is, the collection of trajectories of f that obey the conclusions of the Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem. We obtain results roughly saying that the set $\mathcal {R}$ is of first Baire category (i.e., meager) in X, unless some rigid structure is present. In some settings, this rigid structure forces the Lyapunov exponents to be defined everywhere and to be independent of the point; that is what we call complete regularity.

Feminism has been a major equalizing social movement that has faced powerful resistance. To better understand such opposition, we conceptualize, measure, and analyze perceptions of feminism as a threat, using a novel survey measure of feminism-related threat perceptions in Spain. Our results show that general psychological predispositions to feel threatened are among the most important predictors of perceptions of feminism as a threat. Contrary to expectations, women feel similarly threatened by feminism as men, which is driven by women’s generally higher predisposition to feel threatened. Further, men’s and women’s perceptions of feminism as threatening are associated with different political profiles: Men who feel threatened by feminism tend to sympathize with the far right, while women who feel threatened by feminism do not have a particular political profile. Our results highlight that feminism faces challenges that go beyond the expected anti-feminist attitudes driven by the intersection of gender and ideology.

Nadakkal Parameswaran Pillai, a worker at the Indian Coffee House (ICH) in Trichur, later recalled that the cooperative found its place in history through its “martyrdom” at the hands of Sanjay Gandhi during India’s Emergency (1975–1977). Before the state demolished its Connaught Place location in 1976, that flagship café in New Delhi became the largest and most visible expression of workers’ confidence. From selling coffee on the street, they collectively acquired prime urban property and created a central meeting place for ministers, bureaucrats, intellectuals, artists, and political activists. That ICH emerged as a site of resistance during the Emergency appears puzzling given its origins as a colonial Coffee Board enterprise. Yet its transformation into a workers’ cooperative reshaped both its clientele and its political significance, turning it by the 1970s into a space of oppositional sociability. The cooperative form itself was unexpected. In the decades before 1957, when ICH formally became a workers’ cooperative, Communist Party of India (CPI) leaders and union organizers had pursued nationalization as part of a broader vision of socialist development. After prolonged agitation, however, the CPI accepted the organization of newly unemployed Coffee Board workers into a cooperative rather than a state-owned enterprise—an outcome that disappointed many rank-and-file activists. Drawing on archival materials, memoirs, and oral histories from multiple continents, this article reconstructs the history of the ICH workers’ movement from the 1930s through the Emergency, explaining why workers first occupied and appropriated a colonial institution and ultimately compromised with the Nehruvian state.

The promise of cleansing judiciaries of judges who are unfit for democracy and rule of law paradigms has been central to judicial reforms for European post-communist countries approaching the Europe they imagined. Thrice already in the past 30 years, Central Eastern European (CEE) and Southeastern European countries (SEE) applied extraordinary accountability mechanisms for judges. The latter promised to be the exceptional and ultimate stretch for the judiciaries, a one-time necessary precondition for them to be able to transition out of the past and into the ‘fully fledged independent and accountable’ judiciary prescribed transnationally. From one round of judicial reforms to another, shaped by different requirements of transitional societies in Europe, judicial cleansing operations have returned to fix the same persisting problem of judicial integrity-building. This article aims to show these measures are not to be exclusively relied upon to instate sustainable independent and accountable courts, precisely because of the risks related to their extraordinary nature, their problematic rule of law exceptions, and the leeway for abuse they create in critical junctures as products and enablers of transition.

Although temperamental negative affectivity has been identified as a developmental mechanism mediating the link between perinatal risk and internalizing problems in early childhood, its role in predicting broader behavioral and emotional problems across childhood remains understudied. We examined the longitudinal relations among perinatal complications (i.e., prenatal maternal depression and cardiometabolic complications, preterm birth, and low birth weight), children’s negative affectivity (Mage = 2.76; SD = 2.32; range = 0.24–12.46 years), and children’s internalizing, externalizing, and total problems (Mage = 5.12; SD = 2.63; range = 1.50–16.85 years) in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program (N = 3070; 47% females). Results support child negative affectivity as a mechanism in the developmental pathway linking perinatal maternal depressive symptoms and preterm birth to future emotional and behavioral problems, underscoring the importance of early prevention and intervention efforts to promote psychological well-being of at-risk children.

Italian ryegrass [Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot] (referred to as L. multiflorum hereafter) is one of the most problematic grass weeds infesting agronomic and specialty crops across the United States. In 2023 to 2025, inadequate control of L. multiflorum populations (NY_R1, NY_R2, and NY_R3) with glyphosate was reported in Livingston, Ontario, and Genesee counties, New York. This research aimed to (1) confirm and quantify glyphosate resistance in these suspected glyphosate-resistant (GR) populations, (2) evaluate the efficacy of alternative postemergence herbicides, and (3) determine whether EPSPS gene amplification confers glyphosate resistance. A known glyphosate-susceptible (GS) population (AR_S) from Arkansas was included for comparison. Glyphosate dose–response assays indicated that NY_R1, NY_R2, and NY_R3 populations were 13-, 4-, and 5-fold resistant, respectively, relative to the AR_S population. Alternative postemergence herbicides, including clethodim, glufosinate, paraquat, and pinoxaden, provided 96% to 97% control and reduced shoot dry weight by 91% to 97% at 21 d after treatment (DAT). In contrast, nicosulfuron provided reduced control (63% to 74%) and limited biomass reduction (51% to 56%), suggesting possible resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in three tested populations. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that NY_R1 and NY_R3 had approximately 30-fold higher EPSPS gene copy numbers than AR_S, indicating gene amplification as a mechanism of glyphosate resistance. This study confirms the first case of GR L. multiflorum associated with EPSPS gene amplification in New York, underscoring the need for integrated, diversified weed management strategies to mitigate its spread.

Let M be a tame mouse modelling $\mathrm {ZFC}$. We show that M satisfies “$V=\mathrm {HOD}_x$ for some real x”, and that the restriction $\mathbb {E}^M\!\upharpoonright \![\omega _1^M,\mathrm {OR}^M)$ of the extender sequence $\mathbb {E}^M$ of M to indices above $\omega _1^M$ is definable without parameters over the universe of M. We show that M has universe $\mathrm {HOD}^M[X]$, where $X=M|\omega _1^M$ is the initial segment of M of height $\omega _1^M$ (including $\mathbb {E}^M\!\upharpoonright \!\omega _1^M$), and that $\mathrm {HOD}^M$ is the universe of a premouse over some $t\subseteq \omega _2^M$. We also show that M has no proper grounds via strategically $\sigma $-closed forcings. We then extend some of these results partially to non-tame mice, including a proof that many natural $\varphi $-minimal mice model “$V=\mathrm {HOD}$”, assuming a certain fine structural hypothesis whose proof was almost established in Closson [1], and has since been completed in the preprint [14].

An experiment was conducted in 2022 and 2023 at multiple locations in North Carolina to identify alternative herbicide combinations capable of providing effective preplant foliar weed control when glyphosate is unavailable. All combinations containing rimsulfuron + thifensulfuron provided 95% to 98% control of henbit, comparable to all glyphosate-based combinations. Treatments containing glyphosate achieved 100% control of common chickweed, and rimsulfuron + thifensulfuron combined with clethodim (90%) or 2,4-D (89%) were the only treatments that provided comparable control. Paraquat effectively controlled henbit and common chickweed, providing 91% and 87% control of these species, respectively. Although no treatment controlled annual bluegrass as effectively as glyphosate-based mixtures, paraquat alone, paraquat + 2,4-D, and clethodim + rimsulfuron + thifensulfuron each achieved ≥ 88% control. Saflufenacil was highly efficacious on purple cudweed, providing control comparable to glyphosate (≥ 97%). Tiafenacil alone provided limited control of most of the weed species evaluated in this study, but showed compatibility in mixtures, suggesting utility within diversified preplant foliar herbicide programs targeting specific weeds. While glyphosate remains available for use, incorporating one or more of these herbicides could enhance control of glyphosate-resistant weed biotypes and reduce selection pressure on glyphosate-susceptible weeds. Overall, rimsulfuron + thifensulfuron, paraquat, saflufenacil, tiafenacil, and clethodim, applied alone or in combination, offer practical preplant foliar options that can strengthen existing glyphosate-based programs and sustain effective winter annual weed control should glyphosate become limited or unavailable.

Radiological incidents are rare, but can have significant public health consequences. Coordination across jurisdictions, government agencies, and different fields is critical to ensure an effective response that minimizes health impacts. State and local government agencies face challenges in responding to radiological incidents such as constrained resources, siloed communications, and gaps in workforce training and capacity. The National Alliance for Radiation Readiness (NARR) is a network of experts composed of 20 member organizations and 10 federal partners. The NARR seeks to advance the nation’s capacity for radiation readiness through expert input, workforce training and capacity building, and increase communication and collaboration.