The Southern-sky MWA Rapid Two-metre (SMART) survey, which capitalises on the MWA’s large field of view and voltage recording capability, is an ambitious effort to conduct sensitive searches for pulsars and fast transients in the 140–170MHz band. The novelty of voltage recording, long dwell times (4800 s) and the high-time and -frequency resolutions (100 μs/10-kHz) exchange a large survey speed (∼ 450 deg2 h–1) for high computational cost. The survey covers the entire sky south of +30° in declination through a series of dedicated observing campaigns, accumulating nearly four petabytes of data. The large volumes of data and the processing challenges at low frequencies necessitate data processing to be approached in multiple phases, and the initial searches focused on a first-pass (shallow) survey of parts of the skies, as reported in earlier papers in this series. These data are also processed for re-detections of hundreds of known pulsars in the southern sky, many of which are also the first detections at frequencies below 400 MHz. This paper is motivated by the need to address the inherent difficulties (for the wider community) in handling large amounts of voltage data and software/processing challenges for routine pulsar detections, and also by the fast-evolving landscape of the SKA Observatory (SKAO).With the construction and commissioning ramping up towards the full-scale SKA-Low, a low-frequency catalogue of detectable pulsars in the southern sky will prove to be a valuable reference for the science verification exercise. A growing sample of low-frequency pulsar detections and measurements will also prove invaluable in a variety of science applications including population studies, survey simulations and emission beam models, refining interstellar medium models for electron densities and the spatial distribution of turbulence, and also for forecasting the detection prospects and survey yield from pulsar surveys planned with SKA-Low. We also present an electronic catalogue of various data products, including pulse profiles, time series and multi-channel folded archives, along with the measurements of dispersion and rotation measures, and mean flux densities for the detected pulsars, and this will be periodically updated as more detections flow on from the ongoing data processing.

This article follows the bicycle journeys of Fanny Bullock and William Hunter Workman as they cycled through the imperial spaces of Algeria, Sri Lanka, and India between 1894 and 1899. It thinks through how a new technology of personal mobility shaped the Workmans’ experience of the world and seeks to better understand the ways the forces of empire both produced and influenced their outlooks. In these spaces of European empire, Fanny Bullock Workman crafted a sense of New Womanhood rooted in the politics of gendered ability and racial superiority that was given intense meaning by a technology socialized as a way to gain authentic experiences of both the past and present. By looking at the ways people moved through overlapping imperial modalities, this article argues, historians can better access the American experience of the world at a granular level.

This paper focuses on Meiji Japan's annexation of the Ryukyus as seen through the eyes of key Western diplomats in the 1870s. Although it played out over seven years, the annexation process unfolded relatively smoothly on the international stage. One reason for this was the skill with which Japanese diplomats handled inquiries and potential protests by Western diplomats. In this article, I show that, as early as 1872, leading members of the Meiji government were gaining familiarity with the nuances of Western diplomatic maneuvering. Indeed, in some ways the annexation functioned as a rehearsal for future diplomatic challenges the regime would face. In retrospect, it offers an excellent lens through which to view Japanese diplomacy of the 1870s.

We identify a novel pathway that links financial globalization to politics. We emphasize the effect of globalization on the relationship between governments and domestic business owners, who, like all borrowers, are subject to “Global Credit Cycles” originating from the U.S. Downturns in these cycles, stemming from high U.S. interest rates, reduce credit availability, depress asset prices, and broadly worsen the outlook for private sector profits. While politicians have limited power to address the underlying financial conditions, they can adopt business-friendly politics to signal their willingness to compensate firms for the higher borrowing costs driven by higher U.S. interest rates. We support our argument with evidence from party manifestos across 59 countries, covering 1963 to 2017. Our paper documents a new connection between global credit cycles and party positions during an era of largely unrestricted capital mobility.

Biodesign education increasingly engages with living and bio-based materials whose temporal, relational, and ecological properties challenge established modes of material archiving and teaching. Conventional material libraries, oriented toward stabilisation and preservation, are poorly equipped to address growth, contamination, and decay as constitutive material processes. This paper proposes a reconceptualisation of material libraries as living material archives: dynamic epistemic infrastructures that foreground transformation, care, and finitude rather than control. Drawing on feminist technoscience and material culture studies, the paper develops three conceptual lenses – cross-contamination, sympoiesis, and the website as garden – to examine how material and digital archives can support situated knowledge production in biodesign education. These perspectives are grounded in a detailed case study of the Living Library, a hybrid analogue–digital teaching project developed at the Karlsruhe University of Arts and Design. The paper demonstrates how temporary, process-oriented archives can operationalise ecological responsibility, disciplinary openness, and regenerative learning practices.

Mechanical cultivation can utilize more than one type of weed control implement in the same pass. Implements may even be synergistically “stacked” to maximize efficacy. However, in previous trials, stacked setups caused unacceptable damage to crops. In this study, several changes to previously used cultivation setups were made, including adding global positioning system guidance, using sweeps rather than torsion weeders, and spacing the implements farther from the crop. In test crops of snap beans and beets, stacked three-tool combinations resulted in greater weed-control efficacy with no significant decrease in the survival of well-established crops – thereby providing improved selectivity. Within one-, two-, or three-tool categories, there were few differences, except that the harrow-type implements were often less aggressive than the other tools. Combining all our trials, the crop-to-weed height ratio appeared to be a main driver of intrarow cultivation success, but stacking still provided a benefit. Specifically, to achieve successful cultivation with 80% weed control and 5% or less crop mortality, we modeled that one, two, and three tool combinations required crop-to-weed height ratios of at least 6.2, 5.6, and 3.6, respectively. Based on these trials, farmers may improve their cultivation selectivity by creating conditions in which their crops are as large as possible relative to weeds and by using precisely guided, stacked cultivation implements adjusted to minimize contact with crops.

Time-varying coefficient modeling (TVCM), which represents regression coefficients as smooth functions of continuous time, provides a flexible framework for uncovering complex patterns of change in levels and associations in intensive longitudinal data. However, conventional TVCM remains limited to investigating directional effects across individuals. By introducing a TVCM formulation of the multivariate normal distribution, the present study extends TVCM to explore change in undirected associations (couplings) and variability, thereby broadening its utility for psychological research. We discuss three versions of this approach: an aggregate-level model and two hierarchical versions capturing interindividual differences in unfolding change, either via person-specific intercepts accounting for onset differences or through fully person-specific coefficient functions smoothed via partial pooling. To illustrate the proposed developments, we apply them to six weeks of intensive longitudinal data from 16 anxiety patients undergoing therapy and examine unfolding changes in the level and volatility of nervousness and threat monitoring, their coupling, as well as between-person heterogeneity in each of these. We further show how inspecting first-order derivatives of the coefficient functions supports identifying periods of stability and change. Finally, we discuss extensions incorporating person-level characteristics to explain heterogeneity in patterns of change and predict outcomes.

Ad hoc coalitions (AHCs) have been a persistent feature of global governance. However, only recently have they become the focus in governance scholarship. Why are they created, and how do they vary in their composition and afterlife? We examine AHCs since 1919 across health and security governance challenges. Our analysis rests on archival material from international organizations (IOs) and national governments. We argue that, in bringing together political rivals, AHCs serve three primary purposes. Firstly, as agenda setters, they address new governance challenges. Secondly, as capacity generators, they reshuffle membership compositions. Finally, as decision accelerators, they enable their members to bypass existing IOs. Beyond these commonalities, notable differences exist that are rooted in relative issue salience. Less salient issues are often led by bureaucrats and experts, glossing over political agendas and mediating between rivals. This set-up often leads to permanent cooperative structures. Issues that decision-makers perceive as highly salient occupy the attention of politicians who want to keep the coalition small. As a result, rivalries can easily come to the fore, leading to short-lived coalitions. Overall, AHCs point to more or less exclusionary action that serves as a testing ground for international cooperation in times of uncertainty and (geo)political crises.

Land snails of the genus Poecilozonites, endemic to Bermuda, have undergone precipitous declines, and both extant species, P. bermudensis and P. circumfirmatus, are categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Here we report on recovery efforts to reintroduce P. bermudensis derived from a remnant wild population and ex situ breeding programme to within the species’ indigenous range. Follow-up monitoring of initial reintroductions on the small Nonsuch Island carried out over 7 years revealed that the snails rapidly established a self-sustaining population at one of three release sites. By 2023, the snails, released in 2016, had increased their area of occupancy to 6,849 m2, moved up to 92 m from the release site, and reached an estimated mean density of up to 44.2 adult snails/m2. Across the archipelago, we released 105,970 P. bermudensis (adults and juveniles) to 11 offshore islands and 16 main island sites from 2019 to 2022. Based on persistence, reproduction, and expansion from the release site after at least 1 year from release, reintroductions to six offshore islands were successful, but those on the main island failed, possibly because of higher predation pressure and paucity of suitable refuges. Controlling predators, such as rodents, and safeguarding these offshore islands against predator incursion is essential to ensure continued survival of the reintroduced populations.

This work investigates how ecological literacy and nature connectedness can be fostered in children aged 8–12 through engagement with a toolkit for place-based nature education. Children growing up in urban environments often lack access to nature, leading to lower ecological literacy and feeling less connected to the natural world. To help children reconnect with nature, we propose situating nature education in local environments, facilitated by a toolkit developed through a research-through-design approach that combines methods and perspectives from material-driven, participatory, and more-than-human design. Material explorations and a workshop with primary school children informed the conceptualisation of the toolkit, which invites children to shape mycelium-receptive artefacts, place them in local environments, and observe their transformation over time. Using clay as a substitute material, the shaping and placing activities were tested with 71 primary school children across four classes, alongside imaginative and reflective activities to encourage empathy and sensitivity toward fungi. Findings suggest that the shaping, placing, and reflecting activities can support ecological literacy and caring relationships with non-human organisms, indicating the potential of place-based, more-than-human learning tools to enrich nature education and reconnect children with nature.