Green kyllinga is a perennial sedge that forms dark green mats that can hinder production activities in specialty crop fields. Seeds of this species are highly viable, and seed dispersal can cause rapid increases in population density. In addition, new shoots are produced from each stem node of the underground rhizomes. Green kyllinga is primarily a weed of turf; however, it has increasingly been observed in the row middles (space between raised beds) in small fruit and vegetable crop fields in Florida. Trials were conducted to identify the most effective herbicide options from active ingredients registered for use in row middles. Lactofen (404 g ai ha−1) applied preemergence was the most effective at controlling green kyllinga emergence followed by pendimethalin (868 g ai ha−1). Glufosinate at rates of 189, 378, and 755 g ai ha−1 resulted in 75% to 93% control of vegetative green kyllinga shoots that were 1 cm tall. Glufosinate applied at rates of 378 and 755 g ai ha −1 delivered 96% and 100% control, respectively, on vegetative shoots that were 9 cm tall. Glufosinate was less effective on flowering green kyllinga, with >90% control achieved only at rates of 755 g ai ha−1. Shoot dry weight following glufosinate applications did not consistently decrease at the flowering stage until the highest glufosinate rate was applied. We conclude that preemergence applications of lactofen or pendimethalin followed by postemergence applications of glufosinate prior to flowering are effective management options for green kyllinga.

What does the academic boycott of Israel and the larger BDS movement look like from the perspective of a liberated Levant and dismantled Israeli state, where a new land and system of governance is formed? What sort of lessons can we learn by speaking to someone in the future about the process of liberation and the role of the BDS movement? In this article, I answer these questions by recounting my conversations with one interlocutor that I met while doing research around 10 years after the liberation of Palestine and the Levant. I begin with a brief history of the BDS movement and then show how present ideas are mobilized successfully in the future and current debates are resolved to achieve liberation.

National IHL committees (NIHLCs) have been repeatedly recognized as one of the most effective tools for strengthening implementation of international humanitarian law (IHL). This article traces the evolution of Australia’s NIHLC since its establishment in 1977, describes recent reforms to its mandate, composition and goals, and provides examples of its work at a local, regional and global level. In doing so, the article seeks to provide an example of how a long-standing NIHLC can strengthen and reaffirm IHL implementation and foster greater collaboration between a government and a National Red Cross and Red Crescent Society.

This article examines the disconnected environmental knowledges, as well as the literal disconnection of shipping infrastructure, caused by the spread of shipworms across the Pacific Ocean. From the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century, endemic species of these wood-eating bivalve molluscs were joined by introduced species unknowingly transported in the hulls of commercial and colonial vessels. These borers found new coastal habitats in the timber of colonial ports, and they spread largely unseen until they had eaten away at the maritime foundations that sought to integrate Pacific species and peoples into global networks of energy and capital flows. Simultaneously, research to prevent the shipworms’ rasps across different Pacific ports highlights the flows and limits of scientific and environmental knowledge across oceanic space. The article explores different human relationships with the multispecies assemblage of worm and wood across the Pacific and how shipworms and their chewpoints serve as an embodiment of inter- and dis-connection in globalizing oceanic networks.

This article investigates the 2025 U.S. bombing campaign in the Southern Caribbean and the contested identity of its victims. Situated between Washington’s “narcoterrorist” branding and Caracas’s “humble fisherman” idealisation, the study employs a long-term archaeological and historical perspective to critique these binary tropes. By using digital ethnography to synthesise social media discourse and combining it with heritage research, we demonstrate how the manipulation of fishermen’s identities served to legitimise a military intervention primarily driven by oil interests, and we propose the idea of “Schrödinger’s Fishermen” to illustrate both the agency of local fishermen and the propensity of the fishermen’s identity for use by both political narratives. The analysis reveals that these identity politics obscured regional agency and facilitated extrajudicial violence, resulting in 51 fatalities across the region.

In this paper, we show that the Day monoidal product generalises in a straightforward way to other algebraic constructions and partial algebraic constructions on categories. This generalisation was motivated by its applications in logic, for example, in hybrid and separation logic. We use the description of the Day monoidal product using profunctors to show that the definition generalises to an extension of an arbitrary algebraic structure on a category to a pseudo-algebraic structure on a functor category. We provide two further extensions. First, we consider the case where some of the operations on the category are partial, and second, we show that the resulting operations on the functor category have adjoints (they are residuated).

The objective of this special issue is to present innovative research demonstrating that prosody needs to be reconceptualized as an inherently multimodal phenomenon, manifested across the spoken and/or visual domains. The studies included are organized into three core themes. Theme 1 addresses the temporal alignment of spoken and visual aspects of prosody, and how this is shaped by linguistic factors, speaker-specific traits (such as neurodiversity) and language learning patterns. Theme 2 deals with the coordination of spoken and visual aspects of prosody in conveying pragmatic intent, focusing on aspects such as negation, emotion and epistemic stance. Theme 3 explores how visual signals, including head movements and manual signals, fulfil essential prosodic roles across diverse sign language typologies. Taken together, the empirical evidence presented here shows that prosody is also embodied and that our bodily movements can manifest prosodic characteristics. On the one hand, they show the need to comprehensively re-evaluate our understanding of how speakers, listeners and learners engage with the prosodic dimension of language. On the other hand, they reveal that non-referential gestures are deeply meaningful and prosodically structured. Ultimately, visual cues are presented as indispensable for building accurate models of the human language capacity.

Bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) designed to produce food crops in future crewed missions to the Moon or Mars consider in-situ resource utilisation (ISRU). Lunar regolith is, therefore, in focus for future technologies of farming on lunar bases. We tested germination and early growth of broccoli plants (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis italica) in Murashige-Skoog liquid medium with addition of leachate from a lunar regolith simulant. As the additions to growth, differently diluted water and acidic leachates were used. Physiological status of the germinating plants was evaluated by chlorophyll fluorescence parameters related to plant vitality (relative fluorescence decline – Rfd) and photosynthetic performance of photosystem II (1) potential (FV/FM) and (2) effective quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching referring to number of open PSII reaction centres. Both water and acidic leachates inhibited plant growth, however, the extent of growth limitation was dilution-dependent. Full inhibition of germination was apparent when undiluted acidic leachate was added. However, 50% dilution (and higher) resulted in seed germination and the early growth. No negative effects of the water dilutions on FV/FM as well as ΦPSII, were apparent in 15 days old plants, their cotyledonary and the first primary leaves, in particular. Similarly, qP and Rfd showed no sign of either water or acidic leachate addition effect. Although photosystem II-related parameters exhibited no negative effect of the leachates addition, a growth of plants was found dilution-dependent: higher degree of dilution resulted in a more pronounced reduction in plant projection area. In spite of the growth rate reduction (compared to untreated control), properly diluted water and acidic leachates from lunar regolith and/or its simulants might be used in follow up studies focused on plant species prospective for future cultivation in Moon-based stations with temporary or permanent crew.

High intake of processed foods, especially those with high sodium content, is a contributor to hypertension and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to compare the sodium content of packaged foods and beverages in Nigeria to WHO Global Sodium Benchmarks and similar products in Kenya and South Africa. The study examined packaged foods from major retail stores in the capital cities of the Federal Capital Territory, Kano, and Ogun states in Nigeria from November 2020 to March 2021. Benchmark values were based on the 2021 WHO Global Sodium Benchmarks. We used secondary data from packaged food surveys conducted in South Africa (2015, 2016 and Kenya 2019). Approximately 40.0% (n = 36) of subcategories of packaged foods were captured in the WHO global sodium benchmark. Of these, 64.0% (n = 23) exceeded the benchmarks, including ‘processed meat’ (912.0 vs. 250.0 mg/100 g), cheese (776.0 vs. 190 mg/100 g), and ‘wholegrain chips’ (930.0 vs. 470 mg/100 g). Exactly 36.0% (n = 13) had lower sodium content, such as ‘rice-based snacks’ (113.0 vs. 520 mg/100 g) and ‘dried seafood’ (400 vs. 800 mg/100 g). In seven out of eleven main food categories (64%), Nigeria had a higher sodium content compared to Kenya. Similarly, Nigeria exhibited higher sodium content than South Africa in six out of eleven food categories (55.0%). With 64.0% of Nigerian subcategories exceeding WHO benchmarks and higher sodium levels than South Africa and Kenya in most categories. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted sodium reduction and product reformulation to align Nigeria’s packaged foods with international benchmarks.

Public health research faces challenges in recruiting socio-economically disadvantaged groups. This study evaluated whether machine learning (ML) algorithms developed using data from a general population could predict indices of diet quality among a socio-economically disadvantaged group. Data from 5367 adults (77·5 % females) in the NutriQuébec project and on 122 variables potentially associated with dietary intakes were used. Dietary intakes were measured using a web-based 24-h recall. Participants were categorised by fifths of a deprivation score based on income, education and material and social deprivation. Participants in the first four fifths formed the general NutriQuébec sample (n 4180) and those above the fifth quintile formed the high deprivation sample (n 1187). Three indices of diet quality defined as ‘high’ or ‘low’ were used: vegetable and fruit consumption (VFC, ≥ 5·0 reference amounts (RA)/d), ‘other foods’ consumption, meaning, foods not recommended in Canada’s Food Guide 2019 (OFC, > 5·0 RA/d) and overall diet quality measured using the Healthy Eating Food Index-2019 (HEFI-2019, > 48·9 points). The algorithms developed and tested in the general NutriQuébec sample predicted high VFC, OFC and HEFI-2019 with accuracies of 0·60 (95 % CI 0·58, 0·62), 0·58 (95 % CI 0·56, 0·60) and 0·61 (95 % CI 0·59, 0·63), respectively. In the high deprivation sample, the algorithms predicted the diet quality indices with comparable accuracies (VFC, 0·69, 95 % CI 0·67, 0·71; OFC, 0·56, 95 % CI 0·54, 0·58; HEFI-2019, 0·66, 95 % CI 0·65, 0·67). ML algorithms trained to predict three diet quality indices in the general NutriQuébec sample were applicable to a high deprivation group.

Let G be a simple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field $\Bbbk $ of positive characteristic. We consider the questions of when the tensor product of two simple G-modules is multiplicity free or completely reducible. We develop tools for answering these questions in general, and we use them to provide complete answers for the groups $G = \mathrm {SL}_3(\Bbbk )$ and $G = \mathrm {Sp}_4(\Bbbk )$.

Transitioning away from fossil fuels is in the best interest for long-term stakeholders of oil firms to mitigate risk from climate policy. Yet firms have an informational and positional advantage over strategies to mitigate climate-related risks, such that there is little incentive to decarbonize. Building on theories of firm behavior and the three faces of political power, we argue that investor pressure will be unlikely to change the climate strategy of fossil fuel firms. To measure climate strategy, we develop a novel technique using natural language processing tools to parse annual filings of all publicly-listed oil firms in the US. Using a difference-in-differences design exploiting an exogenous shock to shareholder power from a Securities and Exchange Commission regulatory amendment, we find no effects of shareholder pressure on deep reforms to climate strategies and weak effects on incremental pro-climate behavior. Through a case study of ExxonMobil, we show that climate-motivated investors are unable to overcome internal stakeholder resistance, despite shareholder pressure through direct communication, filed resolutions, and media campaigns. Our findings illustrate that polluting firms remain resistant to financial pressure for decarbonization, suggesting an important role for policy.